Questions tagged [planar-graphs]
graphs that can be embedded into the plane, i.e. that can be drawn without crossings between the lines representing edges.
96 questions
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is a 4-connected planar graph still Hamiltonian after removing an edge?
We know that 4-connected planar graphs are Hamiltonian(by the known Tutte Theorem). Additionally, Thomas and Yu [1] proved that removing two vertices from a 4-connected planar graph still preserves ...
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"Constrained" Moser's Trick
I wish to know if there is a sort of "constrained Moser Trick". Suppose we have a planar grap $G \subseteq \mathbb{R}^2$, with $(0,0)$ as a vertex. Suppose to have some volume form $\omega = ...
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Diffeomorphism of graph with conditions on volume from
I have the following situation: I have a graph $G$ embedded into $\mathbb{R}^2$, with $(0,0)$ a vertex, and I have a diffeomorphism $g$ of the plane. Let's call $G' = g(G)$ the new graph.
I suppose ...
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Dipping into sets of parallel edges in graph drawings
Given a multigraph embedded in the plane call a maximal set of parallel edges between $u,v$ such that only one of the induced faces contains nodes besides $u$ or $v$ a topologically parallel set (tell ...
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Does there exist a 5-connected planar graph that is perfect?
I asked this question on math stack, but didn't get any response, so I ask it here.
In a previous post, I proved that no 5-connected maximal planar graph is perfect. (A perfect graph is a graph $G$ ...
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On planar graphs with specific spanning tree count and poly number of vertices
Given set $\mathcal T_n=\{0,1,3,4\dots,2^n-1\}$ (note there is no $2$) what is the minimum number of vertices $m$ needed in a planar graph such that at every $i\in\mathcal T_n$ there is a graph $G\in\...
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Is the chromatic number of every 7-connected 1-planar graph at most 5?
1-planar graphs were first studied by Ringel (1965), who showed that they can be colored with at most seven colors. Later, the precise number of colors needed to color these graphs, in the worst case, ...
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Problem related to crossing number
Let $G$ be a graph embedded in the plane (with crossings). For $ F \subset E(G) $, denote by $c(F)$ the set of edges of $G$ that cross some edge in $F$.
Denote $\delta(v)$ the set of edges with one ...
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Has Plummer's open problem on the cyclic connectivity of planar graphs been solved?
$\DeclareMathOperator\cl{cl}$The cyclic edge connectivity $\cl(G)$ is the size of a smallest cyclic edge cut, i.e., a smallest edge cut $F$ such that $G-F$ has two connected components, each of which ...
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Removing a face from 4-connected planar graph
After removing a face (vertices along with edges) of a 4-connected planar graph, is the remaining graph 4-connected? Alternatively under what conditions is this true?
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Are there 4-connected planar non-hamilton multi-graphs?
Tutte proved the famous result: Every planar 4-connected graph has a hamiltonian cycle. But I read in Section 111.6.5 on book Eulerian Graphs and Related Topics that the author Herbert Fleischner ...
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Is there a variant of the crossing lemma for multigraphs with arbitrary embedding?
Suppose $G$ is a graph embedded in the plane with $m=|E(G)|$ edges and $n=|V(G)|$ vertices.
Suppose $\operatorname{sim}(G)$, the simplification of $G$ contains $ m' \gg 3n $ edges.
Call the set of ...
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Positive boolean satisfiability problem : finding minimal solutions
Consider, over a finite set of boolean variables $X$, a Boolean system in CNF (conjunctive normal form) whose clauses only contain non-negated literals.
For every assignment of the variables which ...
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Generating 12-vertex plane graphs with 2 faces of degree 3 and all other faces of degree 4
My question may be similar to generating-21-vertex-4-regular-plane-graphs-with-8-faces-of-degree-3-and-15-face., but it has differences. The plane graphs I desire (without needing regularity) have ...
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Generating 21-vertex 4-regular plane graphs with 8 faces of degree 3 and 15 faces of degree 4
Is there any way to generate all 4-regular plane graphs with 21 vertices, 8 faces of degree 3, and 15 faces of degree 4? If so, how many of these graphs are there and what are they?
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The origin of a planar graph theorem of Steinitz and Rademacher
The subsequent statements are extracted from the article titled 'Generating r-regular graphs' (https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-218X(02)00593-0).
A well-known classical theorem of Steinitz and ...
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What is the range of connectivity for maximal IC-planar graphs?
A graph is IC-planar if it admits a drawing in the plane with
at most one crossing per edge and such that two pairs of crossing edges
share no common end vertex. A graph $G$ is maximal in a graph ...
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Injection of Catalan objects into 3-connected planar graphs
Let $C_n = \frac{1}{n+1}\binom{2n}{n}$ be the $n$-th Catalan number, counting, for example, the number of (rooted) triangulations of the $(n+2)$-gon.
Let $P_n$ be the number of three-connected planar ...
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Who introduced the concept of beyond planar graphs?
The concept of planar graphs seems to be standard (I'm also not sure who first used this term), and recently, beyond planar graphs attract a lot of interest in the field of graph drawing. I know that ...
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Sharp upper bound of the number of edges for graphs of thickness two
A graph $G=(V,E)$ has thickness $2$ if $E$ can be written as a disjoint union $E=E_1\cup E_2$ so that $G_1:=(V,E_1),G_2:=(V,E_2)$ are planar graphs. For instance, $K_5$ has thickness $2$. It is known ...
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Is there is a constant $c$ such that toroidal graphs are minor-$c$-colorable?
A toroidal graph is a graph that can be embedded on a torus. In other words, the graph's vertices can be placed on a torus such that no edges cross.
A minor of graph G is a graph obtained from G by ...
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Enumerating all inequivalent planar embeddings of a planar graph
Graph $G$ can be embedded (or has an embedding) in the space if $G$ can be drawn in the space if $G$ can be drawn in such a way that no two edges cross except at an end-vertex in common. A Graph $G$ ...
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Even regular planar graphs without 2-cycles
Related to another question I asked, some questions came up, the most important is the following:
Are there any 4-regular planar graphs without 2-cycles + 3-cycles?
Could someone draw an example if ...
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Sufficient condition for a Hamilton cycle $C$ in a planar triangulation $G$ s.t. every triangle in $G$ has an edge in $C$
Let $G$ be a $k$-connected planar triangulation ($k\geq 4$) and let $C$ be a Hamilton cycle of $G$. Then:
Which conditions would be sufficient to assure that every triangle of $G$ has at least one ...
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Number of planar bipartite graphs
How many planar bipartite graphs are there with $m$ vertices of one color and $n$ vertices of the other color?
How many non-isomorphic classes exist?
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Is there an algorithm to generate non-isomorphic Halin graphs?
A Halin graph is a graph constructed by embedding a tree with no vertex of degree
two in the plane and then adding a cycle to join the tree’s leaves.
We found a list of the number of Halin graphs ...
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Is there a more intuitive proof that a 1-planar graph with minimum degree 7 contains a $K_4$?
In the following paper, Hudák Dávid, and Tomáš Madaras give the following Theorem 1.1.
Hudák, Dávid, and Tomáš Madaras. "On local properties of 1-planar graphs with high minimum degree." ...
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Two ears polygon in a maximal planar hamiltonian graph
Given a maximal planar graph (+6vertices) without separating triangles. Then it can have many Hamilton cycles°. Such a cycle divides the graph into two triangulated polygons. Is it always possible to ...
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Arbitrarily high degree planar covers?
All the graphs I want to discuss are finite, simple, and connected. A graph $G_1$ covers another graph $G_2$ if there is a surjective map $\pi : V(G_1) \to V(G_2)$ that sends edges to edges and such ...
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Planar graphs - more or less
A graph is planar if it can be drawn on the plane in such a way that its edges do not cross each other.
A graph is $k$-planar if it can be drawn on the plane in such a way that each of its edges is ...
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Is there any study on the bounds on the number of even cycles for planar bipartite graphs?
In 1979, Hakimi and Schmeichel [1] initiated such a study by determining the maximum number of triangles and 4-cycles possible in an $n$-vertex planar graph (see also [2] for a small correction).
[1] ...
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Is there a way to generate all 5-connected 5-regular planar graphs?
My question was partly inspired by the question linked below.
There is a 3-connected 5-regular simple $n$-vertex planar graph iff $n$ satisfies....?
I see a wonderful construction of Adam P. Goucher,...
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Threshold function for a graph not being planar
A graph property $\mathcal{P}$ is monotone increasing if $G\in \mathcal{P}$ implies $G+e \in \mathcal{P}$, i.e., adding an edge to a graph does not destroy the property.
It is well-known that every ...
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Known bounds of the maximum cut of planar graphs
The well-known max cut problem asks for a largest cut of a graph $G$. A cut
of maximal size clearly corresponds to a bipartite subgraph of maximal size.
After my inquiry, in planar graphs, the maximum-...
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Blind construction of planar graph with additive spanning tree count
Suppose we have two planar graphs $G_1$ and $G_2$ with number of spanning tree count $P_1$ and $P_2$ respectively then there is an easy construction which gives a planar graph with spanning tree count ...
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Completing a tree to a 2-connected outerplanar graph
Let $T$ be a given (finite) tree.
Question 1: Is it always possible to add edges to $T$ to obtain a $2$-connected outerplanar supergraph $G$?
Question 2: If the answer to Question #1 is negative, can ...
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I don’t understand the two ISOMORPHISM embedding definitions of planar graph in plantri software
The plantri (see http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/plantri/) is a program that generates certain types of graphs that are
imbedded on the sphere. Exactly one member of each isomorphism class is output....
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On perfect matchings on planar graphs - is there a linear time deterministic algorithm?
The slides here provide a way to get a pfaffian orientation from Minimum Spanning Tree.
MST can be found in linear time if graph is planar and weights are $1$ and the slides give a linear time ...
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Is the divisibility graph of the proper divisors of n more often planar than not?
Define the divisibility graph of a set of positive integers as the graph whose vertices are the integers, two of which are joined by an edge if one divides the other.
For all N, is it true that ...
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Does every $4$-connected nonplanar graph contain a $K_5$-minor?
By Kuratowski's theorem, every nonplanar graph contains a (topological) minor of $K_5$ or $K_{3,3}$.
But I observed that every time I construct a $4$-connected nonplanar graph, it always contains not ...
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Chromatic number of rectangle tilings
Suppose we have a region of the plane tiled by finitely many
rectangles. We want to color the rectangles so that two
rectangles have different colors if they share a part of an
edge or if they share ...
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Decomposing a planar graph
Thomassen proved that the vertex set of every planar graph can be decomposed into two sets inducing a 1-degenerate graph and a 2-degenerate graph, respectively (C. Thomassen, Decomposing a planar ...
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An inequality on the number of vertex colorings of planar graphs
Conjecture: Let $G$ be a simple maximal planar graph, and let $P(G,4)$ be the number of proper vertex colorings of $G$ with four colors. Let $v$ be a vertex of $G$ with degree ${\rm deg}(v)=5$, and ...
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Product of vertex degrees of an edge in a planar graph
Let $G$ be a planar graph, which we may assume to be a triangulation, with vertex set $V$ and edge set $E$. Suppose the minimum vertex degree is at least 3, and suppose any two distinct edges share at ...
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The perfect matching problem of planar graph
We know that connectivity is closely related to the Hamiltonian of planar graphs.
The most famous result is the Tutte theorem.
Theorem (Tutte, 1956). A 4-connected planar graph has a Hamiltonian ...
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Confused about the definition of convex drawing of plane graph
When I looked up the definition of convex drawing of planar graph, my confusion mainly focused on the outer face.
The following definition of convex drawing is from Wikipedia.
In graph drawing, a ...
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Mac Lane-like condition for intrinsically linked graphs?
If any embedding of your graph in 3-space has two cycles that are linked, then your graph is intrinsically linked (such as the Petersen graph). These graphs generalise non-planar graphs since for ...
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Distribution over Penrose Tilings?
The set of possible kit-and-dart Penrose tilings is uncountably infinite. It would be very helpful to have some natural probability distribution $\mu$ over this set; such a distribution would allow ...
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Can Tutte embedding be guaranteed that each face is convex?
In graph drawing and geometric graph theory, a Tutte embedding of a simple 3-vertex-connected planar graph is a crossing-free straight-line embedding with the properties that the outer face is a ...
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Is graph's planar embedding unique if each block of one planar graph is 3-connected?
A planar graph is one which has a plane embedding. Two drawings are topologically isomorphic if one can be continuously deformed into the other. If we wrap a drawing onto a sphere, and then off again, ...
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