All Questions
Tagged with pr.probability probability-distributions
1,384 questions
2
votes
2
answers
435
views
Convergence in distribution to a Poisson
We have encountered the following problem that we think that should be true. Let $\{X_n\}_{n\geq 0}$ a sequence of random variables which we know that $\mathbb{E}[X_n]$ tends to infinity.
The ...
- 54.2k
2
votes
1
answer
571
views
Extension of Dynkin's formula, conclude that process is a martingale
This question was asked here, but it did not get enough attention, so I'm crossposting it to MO.
Let $u: \mathbb{R}_+ \times \mathbb{R}^d$ be a bounded $C^2$ function whose first and second partial ...
CommunityBot
- 1
6
votes
2
answers
378
views
Slight variation on law of the iterated logarithm
Let$$M_t = \max\{B_s : 0 \le s \le t\},\text{ }m_t = \min\{B_s : 0 \le s \le t\},$$where $B_t$ is a standard Brownian motion. My question is, does there exist $r$ such that with probability one,$$\...
- 1,897
0
votes
0
answers
260
views
Concluding that the Poisson kernel is indeed the Cauchy distribution?
See here.
Let $d = 2$, and consider the domain $D = \mathbb{H}$, the upper half-plane. Let $W_t = (X_t, Y_t)$. We see that for any $\theta \in \mathbb{R}$ and any $t \ge 0$, we have$$E^{(x, y)}\...
CommunityBot
- 1
6
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Distribution of $\max_{n \ge 0} S_n$, random walk
Say we have a random walk that is a nearest neighbor random walk on the integers where at each step the probability of moving one step to the right is $p$ and the probability of moving one step to the ...
- 406
1
vote
1
answer
237
views
Poisson kernel, expectation, an absolute value comes in
See here.
Let $d = 2$, and consider the domain $D = \mathbb{H}$, the upper half-plane. Let $W_t = (X_t, Y_t)$. We see that for any $\theta \in \mathbb{R}$ and any $t \ge 0$, we have$$E^{(x, y)}\...
CommunityBot
- 1
0
votes
1
answer
186
views
Poisson kernel, $E^{(x, y)}\text{exp}\{i\theta X_t - \theta Y_t\} = e^{i\theta x - \theta y}$
Let $d = 2$, and consider the domain $D = \mathbb{H}$, the upper half-plane. Let $W_t = (X_t, Y_t)$. How do I see that for any $\theta \in \mathbb{R}$ and any $t \ge 0$, we have$$E^{(x, y)}\text{exp}\{...
- 1,122
2
votes
1
answer
157
views
Is the set of multiple points of the Brownian path $W[0, \infty)$ dense in the plane almost surely?
Let $d = 2$. With probability $1$, is the set of multiple points of the Brownian path $W[0, \infty)$ dense in the plane?
- 24.8k
3
votes
1
answer
350
views
Brownian motion, crossing intervals, possible usage of second moment method?
This is a followup to my question here.
Let $B_t$ be a standard Brownian motion. Let $E_{j, n}$ denote the event$$\left\{B_t = 0 \text{ for some }{{j-1}\over{2^n}} \le t \le {j\over{2^n}}\right\},$$...
CommunityBot
- 1
6
votes
4
answers
614
views
Number of intervals needed to cross, Brownian motion
Let $B_t$ be a standard Brownian motion. Let $E_{j, n}$ denote the event$$\left\{B_t = 0 \text{ for some }{{j-1}\over{2^n}} \le t \le {j\over{2^n}}\right\},$$and let$$K_n = \sum_{j = 2^n + 1}^{2^{2n}} ...
CommunityBot
- 1
8
votes
1
answer
316
views
If $X∼F_1$, $Y∼F_2$, under what conditions on $F_1$, $F_2$ can we construct $Y=E(X\mid\mathscr{G})$ for some $\mathscr{G}$?
Suppose that we have distributions $F_1 $ and $F_2$. Under what conditions on $F_1,F_2$ is it possible to construct random variables $X\sim F_1,Y\sim F_2$ such that $Y=E(X|\mathscr{G})$, that is, $Y$ ...
CommunityBot
- 1
4
votes
2
answers
168
views
For which $r > 0$ is it the case with probability one, for all $n$ sufficiently large $M_n \le r\sqrt{\log n}$?
Let $B_t$ be a standard Brownian motion. Let$$M_n = \max\{|B_t - B_{n-1}| : n - 1 \le t \le n\}.$$For which $r > 0$ is it the case with probability one, for all $n$ sufficiently large$$M_n \le r\...
- 487
2
votes
2
answers
3k
views
Proof of conditional copula relation to the marginal copulas
Hello
I am trying to derive the second equation displayed in section 7.1 (or p. 41) of this article or equation (6.3) of this book. I've seen this in many documents discussing conditional sampling ...
- 101
1
vote
2
answers
170
views
Non-normality of limit of random variables
I have encounter the following difficulty in the study of limits of random variables. Assume that $\{X_n\}_{n\geq 1}$ is a sequence of real-valued random variables such that
$$\mathbb{E}[X_n]=\...
- 1,306
1
vote
0
answers
76
views
Specifying Skellam parameters by given probabilities
The problem sounds quite easy, and I still think it is. I somehow have the feeling that I just went too far and just miss the easiest solution now. The numerical solution I came up with is just not ...
- 19.6k
5
votes
1
answer
619
views
Weak convergence of random variables in $L^2$ and vague convergence
Dumb question: Let $X_n:\Omega \to \mathbf{R}$ be a sequence of $L^2(\Omega,\Sigma,\mathbf{P})$ random variables that has a weak limit $X$ in $L^2$.
Suppose also that $\mu_n$, the distributions of $...
- 5,005
16
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Normal approximation of tail probability in binomial distribution
My problem: From the Berry--Esseen theorem I know, that $$\sup_{x\in\mathbb R}|P(B_n \le x)-\Phi(x)|=O\left(\frac 1{\sqrt n}\right),$$ where $B_n$ has the standardized binomial distribution and $\Phi$ ...
CommunityBot
- 1
3
votes
2
answers
661
views
splitting exponential random variable into independent components
$X$ follows Exponential $(\lambda)$. Can we split $X$ into two independent r.v.'s, i.e.,
do there exist functions $g$ and $h$ such that $g(X)$ and $h(X)$ are independent for any fixed $\lambda$? $g(X)...
4
votes
1
answer
691
views
Orthogonal polynomials with respect to the lognormal distribution
I am currently doing some inspection on the orthogonal polynomials with respect to the lognormal distribution. Does anyone already work on that or know some cool references?
All the best,
Pierre-O.
- 188k
4
votes
1
answer
196
views
Error for the convergence by distribution
A sequence of random variables $X_n$ converges in distribution to $X$, if there is pointwise convergence of its characteristic functions, i.e. $\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\phi_{X_n}(\lambda) = \phi_X(\...
- 29.8k
6
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Properties of a finite random walk
Consider the simplest random walk - $X_0 = 0$ and from there on (i.i.d), $X_i=X_{i-1}+1$ with probability $p$ or $X_{i-1}-1$ otherwise.
Let $Y_N$ be the highest point $X$ have reached on the first $N$...
CommunityBot
- 1
1
vote
0
answers
126
views
Quotient of cumulative binomial distribution functions
Given to integers $n < m \in \mathbb{N}_0$ and a probability $p$, I'm struggling to calculate (or at least get an upper bound for) the quotient
$$Q = \frac{F(n+1;m,p)}{F(n;m,p)}$$
where $F$ denotes ...
- 11
4
votes
3
answers
433
views
Expectation of $(c+e^{N(0,\sigma^2)})^{-n},\, n>0$
I would like to know if there's a way to compute or approximate the following expectation:
$$\mathbb{E}[(c+e^X)^{-n}]$$
where $X=N(0,\sigma^2)$ and $n,c>0$ (you can also assume that $n$ is a ...
CommunityBot
- 1
1
vote
2
answers
2k
views
Variance of exponential random variable
For a random variable $\xi$, what bounds can be achieved for Var $e^{\xi}$ in terms of E$\xi$ and Var $\xi$?
- 188k
1
vote
0
answers
44
views
Validating a probability density distribution forecast model for a Markov process
Let's say we have a Markov process $X_t$, and we come up with a forecast model that takes some information from outside world and says: "value $X_{t+1}$ has probability density distribution $P_t(x)$". ...
- 3,085
2
votes
0
answers
60
views
A canonical example of the non-existence of predictive probability distribution
Section 3 of Fortini et al. (2000) states that
Given $(X^\infty, \mathcal X^\infty,P)$, a predictive probability distribution of $x_n$ given $(x_1, \dots, x_{n-1})$ with respect to $P$ need not ...
- 39.9k
1
vote
1
answer
524
views
Convergence in the Wasserstein metric and the square root function
Let $f$ be a smooth probability distribution on the unit square $S$ such that $f(x)>0$ on $S$. Let $\{g_i\}$ be a sequence of smooth probability distributions such that $g_i(x)>0$ on $S$ as ...
CommunityBot
- 1
1
vote
3
answers
314
views
A sampling and learning question
Suppose there is an oracle that returns a number $b \in \mathbb{Z}_{n}$ whenever I press the button.
We have $b = a + e$, where $a \in \mathbb{Z}_n$ is a fixed number and $e$ is sampled according to ...
- 71
1
vote
0
answers
52
views
PDF of points at the intersection of a sphere and hyperboloid in n dimensions
I'm studying a statistical mechanics problem and I have two conserved quantities:
$$ E = \sum_{k=0}^{M} \left[ a_1^2(k) + a_2^2(k) + b_1^2(k) + b_2^2(k)\right] $$
$$ H = \sum_{k=0}^{M} 2 k \left[ a_1^...
- 6,210
8
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Is there an $\infty$ version of the Wasserstein distance between two distributions?
If I have two probability distributions $\mu$ and $\nu$ defined on $X$ and $Y$ respectively, then the $p$-th Wasserstein distance between the two of them is defined as $$W_p(\mu,\nu) = \left(\inf_{\pi\...
- 3,085
17
votes
2
answers
1k
views
A probability distribution in n dimensional space which its projection on any line is a uniform distribution?
Does there exist, for any natural $n$, a probability distribution in $\mathbb{R}^n$ whose projection on any line is a uniform distribution?
- 3,085
0
votes
0
answers
104
views
Why is this distribution exponential?
Take the interval $[0, 1]$.
Now sample 10000 points in this interval randomly according to the uniform distribution.
The fact is that the distribution of the distances between adjacent points on ...
- 193
3
votes
2
answers
259
views
Are all mixtures of these unimodal functions unimodal?
Let us say that a function $F\colon(0,\infty)\to\mathbb{R}$ is increasing-decreasing if, for some $c\in[0,\infty]$, $F$ is non-decreasing on $(0,c]$ and non-increasing on $[c,\infty)$. Is it true that ...
CommunityBot
- 1
4
votes
1
answer
750
views
Lower bound on the tail of the hypergeometric distribution
Suppose there is a bag with $M$ white marbles and $N - M$ black marbles. Let $H(n, N, M)$ be a random variable which is number of white marbles in a draw, without replacement, of $n$ marbles from a ...
- 2,221
1
vote
1
answer
200
views
Is regularity closed under products?
Let $G \colon [0,1] \to [0,1]$ be a differentiable cumulative distribution function (monotonically non-decreasing function with $G(0) = 0$ and $G(1) = 1$). We say that $G$ is regular if $$ x - \frac{1-...
- 128k
2
votes
2
answers
348
views
Suggestions for dealing with the "timed" balls-into-bins model
Definitions: Let $T$ (for "time") be a random variable $T \sim \text{Exp}(\lambda)$ and $\Delta t$ is a realization (or called an observed value) of $T$. Let $D$ (for "delay") be a random variable $D \...
- 139
6
votes
1
answer
718
views
What is the distribution of the maximum nearest-neighbor distance of a point cloud sampled from a solid body like?
Let $\mathcal{B} \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$ be an $n$-dimensional solid body. Assume that we sample $N$ points, say $S = \{ x_1, ..., x_N \}$, from $\mathcal{B}$ uniformly at random. Consider the ...
CommunityBot
- 1
1
vote
0
answers
166
views
Finitely additive measure over integers [duplicate]
We know that, with Axiom of Choice (AC), it can be shown that there exists a finitely additive uniform distribution defined for all subsets of the integers (see, e.g., Hrbacek and Jech 1999, Ch. 11).
...
- 19
1
vote
0
answers
100
views
Lower bound for the probability that a certain component of a Gaussian vector dominates all others
Let $X\sim\cal N(\mu,\Sigma)$ be an $n$-dimensional Gaussian vector. I would like to estimate $$P(X_1>\max_{k=2,\dots,n}X_k).$$
While no closed form solution exists (see e.g. MO question on ...
CommunityBot
- 1
0
votes
1
answer
70
views
How can two random variables are continuous infers that their jointly random variable is continuous [closed]
We assume that $\forall a,b$ suchthat $a^2+b^2>0$, $aX+bY$ is continuous random variable.
But we don't assume that $X$ and $Y$ are independent.
My question is the following:
Is it true that the ...
- 54.2k
3
votes
1
answer
460
views
Derive concentration bound for the derivative
It that true to conclude that if a random $f(z)$ is a sub-Gaussian random variable for a constant value of z, its derivative $f'(z)|_{z=k}$ with respect to variable $z$ is also sub-Gaussian?
In ...
CommunityBot
- 1
3
votes
1
answer
711
views
Expectation of Mahalanobis norm
Let $(g_i)_{i=1,...,d}$ sampled i.i.d. from a standard Gaussian, and $(\lambda_i)_{i=1,...,d}$ non-random s.t. $\max_i(\lambda_i)=1$ and $\lambda_i>0, \forall i$.
I am looking for the expectation ...
- 128k
4
votes
2
answers
204
views
Probable direction of deviations from the expected value in binomial and hypergeometric cases
Suppose I have an urn with N marbles, with frequencies p and q for red and black marbles, and with p > 0,5. I take a sample of r marbles.
It sounds intuitive to say that deviations from the mean ...
- 41
10
votes
2
answers
344
views
A moment problem
Suppose $X, Y$ are two positive random variables such that $\mathbb{E}[X^\alpha] = \mathbb{E}[Y^\alpha]$ for all $\alpha \in (0, 1/2)$.
It is also known that the first moment exists for each of them, ...
- 24.2k
6
votes
0
answers
203
views
Elementary function relative to erf
The modified Bessel function of the 1st kind $I_0$ is defined by
$$
I_0(z)=\frac1\pi\int_0^{2\pi}e^{z\cos\theta}\,d\theta
$$
and arises, among other places, in the probability density function of a ...
- 24.8k
1
vote
2
answers
4k
views
Variance of truncated normal distribution
Let $ X \sim \mathcal{N} ( \mu, \sigma^2 ) $, $ - \infty \leqslant a < b \leqslant +\infty $ ($ a, b \ne \infty $ simultaneously) and $ Y $ has a truncated normal distribution on $ (a, b )$, i.e. $...
CommunityBot
- 1
2
votes
0
answers
175
views
Implication of MGF inequality
Let X and Y be two random variables. Denote by $F_X(x)$ and $F_Y(y)$ their CDFs and by $M_X(t)$ and $M_Y(t)$ their MGFs.
It is known that X and Y have the same CDF iff they have the same MGF.
My ...
- 517
2
votes
1
answer
137
views
Variant of Skorokhod's theorem
Consider the following situation:
$S, T$ are standard Borel spaces (say $S = [0,1]^k$, $T = [0,1]$ if it is helpful).
There is a a random variable $\zeta: \Omega \to S$.
$f_n(\zeta) \to^d \eta$, i....
- 984
5
votes
2
answers
289
views
Finding joint probability from double marginals
Consider three probability distributions in the form $p_1(y,z),p_2(x,z),p_3(x,y)$.
When does a global joint probability $p(x,y,z)$ (possibly not unique) exist?
The first compatibility condition to ...
CommunityBot
- 1
1
vote
1
answer
125
views
A differential inequality and a special value
Let $G \colon [0,1] \to [0,1]$ be a monotonically decreasing function with $G(0) = 1$ and $G(1) = 0$. Suppose that $G$ is differentiable infinitely many times, and that: $$G(x)G''(X) \leq 2{G'(x)}^2.$$...
- 902