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for questions about sequences and series, e.g. convergence, closed form expressions, etc. Note that there is a different tag for spectral sequences, and also note that MathOverflow is not for homework. Please consider consulting the online encyclopedia for integer sequences, if you are trying to identify a given sequence that you have found in your research.

2 votes
1 answer
258 views

Squaring a semi-convergent series

Let $S=\sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n$, be a semi-convergent series with $T=\sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n^2 < \infty$ and $\sum_{n=1}^\infty |a_n|=\infty$. Under which conditions are the following formulas valid? They …
Vincent Granville's user avatar
2 votes
2 answers
295 views

Convergence of series related to partial fraction expansion of cotangent function

I am looking at the convergence of the series $$ \cos(t\theta) = \frac{\sin(\pi t)}{\pi} \cdot \Bigg[\frac{1}{t} + 2t \sum_{k=1}^\infty (-1)^k \frac{\cos(k\theta)}{t^2 - k^2}\Bigg].$$ Here $t\in\mathb …
Vincent Granville's user avatar
5 votes
3 answers
2k views

How many digits of $\sqrt{2}$ are known to date?

How many digits of $\sqrt{2}$ are known to date, in base 10 and in base 2? I am trying to produce the largest sequence known to date, and would like to sense if I can do it either alone or with hiring …
Vincent Granville's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
277 views

Infinite products for linear combinations of sines or cosines

There is a well known infinite product both for $\phi(x)=\sin x$ and $\phi(x)=\cos x$. These are particular cases of the Weierstrass factorization theorem. What about $\phi(x)=a_1\cos b_1 x + a_2\cos …
Vincent Granville's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
416 views

Generalized random harmonic series

Let $Z_n=\sum_{k=1}^n a_k X_k$ with $(a_k)$ a strictly decreasing sequence of positive real numbers that tend to zero. The random variables $X_k$ are independent and satisfy $P(X_k=1) =p_k, P(X_k=-1)= …
Vincent Granville's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
151 views

Hybrid numeration system on $[0,1]^2$

Let $X_0,X_1\in [0,1]$ and $b_1,b_2>0$ be integers. We are going to create a numeration system for vectors $(X_0,X_1)$, the base being the vector $(b_1,b_2)$, as follows. Recursively define $X_k=\{b_2 …
Vincent Granville's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
466 views

Curious infinite product, convergence, connection to prime numbers

I have been playing with the following function: $$ f(x)=\frac{\pi x (1-x^2)}{\sin\pi x}\prod_{k=2}^\infty \frac{\sin(\pi x/k)}{\pi x/k} $$ It is hard to get correct numerical values. I'll start with …
Vincent Granville's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
483 views

Simple closed forms for sums such as $\sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^{k+1}}{qk - p}$ and relat...

My goal here is to get a simple expression for $\zeta(3)$. This is a follow up to my previous question posted here. Any Taylor-like expansion from everything I tried won't make it. So this is my last …
Vincent Granville's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
432 views

Some fun with special infinite nested radicals

Let us define the following functions: $$f_n(x)=\sqrt{x^{n}-\sqrt{x^{n+1}- \sqrt{x^{n+2}-\cdots}}} $$ $$g_n(x)=\sqrt{x^{n}+\sqrt{x^{n+1}+ \sqrt{x^{n+2}+\cdots}}} $$ with $f(x)=f_1(x)$ and $g(x)=g_1(x) …
Vincent Granville's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
2k views

About the coefficients of Taylor series for the complex Riemann Zeta function $\zeta(s)$

The following real-valued functions are closely related to the zeros of $\zeta(s)$ in the critical strip $\frac{1}{2}<\Re(s) < 1$. $$\phi_1(\sigma, t) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty (-1)^{n+1}\frac{\cos(t\log n) …
Vincent Granville's user avatar
12 votes
1 answer
954 views

Strange behavior of $x_{n+1}=x_n +\lambda \sin x_n$

Consider a sequence $(x_n)$ satisfying $x_{n+1}=x_n +\lambda \sin x_n$. You would expect the sequence $x_n$ to depend on $x_0$ and to exhibit a chaotic, Brownian-type behavior, and indeed it does pret …
Vincent Granville's user avatar
10 votes
2 answers
929 views

Erroneous Wolfram result for $\sum_{k=1}^\infty (k^3 + a^3)^{-1}$, looking for correct formula

I was trying to get some interesting result for $\zeta(3)$, exploring the following function: $$W(a) = \sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac{1}{k^3 + a^3}, \mbox{ with } \lim_{a\rightarrow 0} W(a) = \zeta(3).$$ Let …
Vincent Granville's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
486 views

Truncated Euler products, Dirichlet eta function, and convergence issues

Can you prove that the following series does not converge if $\frac{1}{2}<\sigma<1$, no matter how close to $1$ sigma is, and no matter how large $t>0$ is? The series is defined as $$W(\sigma,t)=\sum_ …
Vincent Granville's user avatar
3 votes
0 answers
234 views

Asymptotic expansions for the continued fraction $[1,x,x^2,x^3,\cdots]$

The $n$-th convergent is defined as $$R_n(x) = \frac{P_n(x)}{Q_n(x)}=[1;x,x^2,\cdots,x^n]=1+\frac{1}{x+}\frac{1}{x^2+}\frac{1}{x^3+\cdots}\frac{1}{x^n}$$ where $P_n(x), Q(x)$ are polynomials recursive …
Vincent Granville's user avatar
3 votes
2 answers
487 views

Question about a new pseudo-random number generator

While investigating non-periodic RNG's (random number generators) for irrational numbers, I came up with a version that actually produces pseudo-random words consisting of $N$ bits, where $N$ is typic …
Vincent Granville's user avatar

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