All Questions
1,222 questions
12
votes
3
answers
16k
views
Dual space of $\ell^\infty$
Why can the elements of the dual space of $\ell^\infty(\mathbb N)$ be represented as sums of elements of $\ell^1(\mathbb N)$ and Null$(c_0)$?
<hr:
EDIT: As confirmed in the comments, the OP ...
- 169
11
votes
4
answers
1k
views
Example of noncomplete quotient of complete lcs mod closed subspace
The following statement is well-known: for a Fréchet space $V$ and a closed subspace $W \subseteq V$ the quotient $V / W$ is again complete and hence a Fréchet space. For the particular case of a ...
- 8,098
6
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Must a surjective isometry on a dual space have a pre-adjoint?
Background: Let $X$ be a Banach space. We know a linear map $h$ is a surjective isometry of $X$ if and only if its adjoint $h^*$ is a surjective isometry of $X^*$.
In general, a linear map $g:X^* \...
- 63
21
votes
3
answers
3k
views
Can you tell whether a space is Banach from the unit ball?
Let $V$ be a real vector space. It is well known that a subset $B\subset V$ is the unit ball for some norm on $V$ if and only if $B$ satisfies the following conditions:
$B$ is convex, i.e. if $v,w\...
- 8,493
19
votes
1
answer
3k
views
Infinite convex combinations in a Banach space
Let's say that a subset $C$ of a Banach space $X$ is $\sigma$-convex if the following property holds:
For any sequence $(x_k)_{k\ge0}$ in $C$, and for
any sequence of non-negative real numbers $(\...
- 60.5k
12
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Uniform boundedness of an $L^2[0,1]$-ONB in $C[0,1]$
Assume that we have an orthonormal basis of smooth functions in $L^2[0,1]$. Are there useful practical criteria to determine whether the sup-norm of the basis functions has a uniform bound? I am sure ...
- 4,729
0
votes
0
answers
301
views
Lifting of product of a Banach algebra
Let $A$ be a non unital Banach algebra. The product induces a bounded linear map $T:A \otimes_{\gamma} A\to A$ where $\otimes_\gamma$ denotes the Banach projective tensor product.
A lifting of $T$ is ...
- 1,222
22
votes
3
answers
7k
views
Subspace of $L^2$ that lies in $L^\infty$
Let $E$ be a closed subspace of $L^2[0,1]$. Suppose that $E\subset{}L^\infty[0,1]$. Is it true that $E$ is finite dimensional?
PS. This is actually a question from the real analysis qualifier. I came ...
15
votes
5
answers
680
views
Idiosyncratic characterizations of $\ell^p$, for $p\not=1,2,\infty$
Do there exist, either in the literature or in folklore, theorems
that characterize some particular $\ell^p$ space(s) ($p\not=1,2,\infty$)?
Such a theorem should reveal the particular space(s) as ...
- 17.6k
7
votes
1
answer
362
views
Nonexpansive multi-valued maps in $\ell^2$
Let $C$ be a nonempty bounded closed convex subset, say the unit ball, of $\ell^2(\mathbb{N})$. Let $T: C\to 2^C$ be a map such that $T(x)$ is nonempty closed for each $x$, and that $$D(Tx,Ty)\le \|x-...
- 744
4
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Characterizations of a linear subspace associated with Fourier series
Let $c_0$ be the Banach space of doubly infinite sequences $$\lbrace
a_n: -\infty\lt n\lt \infty, \lim_{|n|\to \infty} a_n=0 \rbrace.$$ Let $T$ be the space of $2\pi$ periodic functions integrable ...
- 744
3
votes
1
answer
1k
views
If $H$ is a separable Hilbert space, is its dual dense in $L^2(H)$?
Let $H$ be an infinite-dimensional, separable Hilbert space, and let $\gamma$ be a Radon probability measure on $H$ with mean zero and covariance operator the identity $I$.
Let $H^*$ denote the space ...
- 8,512
7
votes
1
answer
1k
views
If $H$ is a separable Hilbert space, is $L^2(H)$ separable?
Let $H$ be a separable Hilbert space, and let $\gamma$ be a Radon probability measure on $H$ with mean zero and covariance operator the identity $I$.
Is the Hilbert space $L^2(H,\gamma)$ separable?
- 8,512
1
vote
0
answers
439
views
Does the dual Banach space $B(\ell^\infty)$ have weak* normal structure?
Let $K$ be a bounded closed convex subset of a Banach space $E$. A point $x$ in $K$ is called a diametral point if
$$
\sup_{y\in K} \|x-y\|={\rm diam}(K).
$$
where ${\rm diam}(K)$ denotes the ...
- 1,222
6
votes
2
answers
4k
views
Question about Schauder bases in C([0,1]).
I would like to check a statement about Schauder bases in $C([0,1])$ to be sure that I don't lie to my students on Monday. The statement(s) that I would like to check are:
The family of monomials $\{...
- 26.8k
32
votes
2
answers
4k
views
Are there non-reflexive vector spaces isomorphic to their bi-dual?
Let $V$ be an infinite dimensional topological vector space and consider the natural application $\iota\colon V\to V^{**}$. The space $V$ is said to be reflexive if $\iota$ is an isomorphism.
Are ...
- 7,902
1
vote
4
answers
614
views
Variants of point fixed theorem
Let $E$ be a dual Banach space and $C$ a nonempty convex weak* compact subset of $E$. Let $G$ be a group of weak* continuous linear isometries on $E$. Suppose that $g(C)\subset C$ for all $g\in G$.
...
- 1,222
2
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Are coordinate functions on topological vector spaces always continuous?
Let $V$ be a Hausdorff locally convex topological vector space over the field $\mathbb{K}$.
Let $B$ be a subset of $V$ such that
$\;$ for all functions $c : B\to \mathbb{K}$, if $\displaystyle\sum_{...
user5810
7
votes
3
answers
1k
views
Non-Borel subspace of Banach space
Let $X$ be a separable Banach space, $M \subset X$ a linear subspace. Must $M$ be a Borel set in $X$?
I believe the answer is "no," since I have seen authors who are careful to talk about "Borel ...
- 29.8k
4
votes
1
answer
221
views
existence of charaterization of amenable groups by complementation?
Recall that we say that a closed space $F$ of a Banach space $E$ is complemented if there exists a contractive projection $P$ from $E$ onto $F$.
Do you know a charaterization of discrete amenable ...
- 1,222
6
votes
1
answer
453
views
The typical size of a random element in a Banach space
Let $X$ be a separable Banach space, and let $\mathbb P$ be a Radon probability measure on $X$ with zero mean and covariance operator $K : X^* \to X$. Let $x$ be an $X$-valued random variable with ...
- 8,512
1
vote
1
answer
506
views
Bessel sequence, uniformly minimal, separated
Is every unit norm Bessel sequence in a Hilbert space a finite union of separated ones? Is every unit norm separated sequence a finite union of uniformly minimal (minimal with uniformly bounded ...
- 11
2
votes
2
answers
602
views
Reference for weak*-semigroup
Let $X$ a dual Banach space (there exists a Banach space $Y$ such that $X=Y'$).
A weak* semigroup on $X$ is a semigroup $(T_t)_{\geq 0}$ on $X$ such that, for all $x\in X$, we have $T_tx\to x$ in the ...
- 1,222
6
votes
3
answers
3k
views
Why isn't the theorem of approximation applicable in Banach spaces?
Let X be a Hilbert space, A a convex, closed subset of X. Then there exists for every x in X exactly one best approximation in A, that is there exists a y in A such that || x-y || = d(x,A) = inf { || ...
- 61
4
votes
2
answers
519
views
Factorization through $\ell_{1}$ and operator ideals
Recently, I bumped into the class of operators that factor through $\ell_{1}(X)$ for some set $X$. For now, $X$ is a set with arbitrary cardinality but if it leads to a more concrete answer to my ...
- 1,848
4
votes
2
answers
676
views
Basis for L_infty(R)
Let $V$ be the Banach space of bounded sequences of reals with the sup norm. Does there exists a subset $B$ of $V$ such that
Linear Independence: For all functions $c$ in $\mathbb{R}^B$, if $\sum_{b ...
user5810
4
votes
2
answers
707
views
Selecting basic sequences
Suppose $(x_\alpha)_\alpha$ is an uncountable, linearly independent family of norm one vectors in a Banach space. Can one always select a basic sequence (or at least a minimal system) from this family?...
- 355
3
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Cyl(E) = Borel(E) for E non-reflexive Grothendieck Banach space
This is sort of a follow-up to Borel(X) = \sigma(X') for X non-separable
PROBLEM: Given a Banach space $E$ over $\mathbb{K} \in \{\mathbb{C}, \mathbb{R}\}$ that has the Grothendieck property. ...
- 1,338
3
votes
1
answer
615
views
When is a fixed point of f^n a fixed point of f?
Let $E$ be a Banach space and $f:E\to E$ be a continuous map. By $f^n$ we denote the $n$-th iterate of $f$, i.e. $f^n:=\underbrace{f\circ f\circ\cdots \circ f}_{\text{n times}}$. Let $x_0$ denote a ...
- 41
19
votes
6
answers
8k
views
Unbounded operator bounded in a dense subset
Let $X, Y$ be normed vector spaces, where $X$ is infinite dimensional. Does there exist a linear map $T : X \rightarrow Y$ and a subset $D$ of $X$ such that $D$ is dense in $X$, $T$ is bounded in $D$ (...
- 783
8
votes
1
answer
713
views
Factoring operators $L_\infty \longrightarrow L_2$ as the composition of $n$ strictly singular operators, $n\in \mathbb{N}$
Motivation and background This question is motivated by the problem of classifying the (two-sided) closed ideals of the Banach algebra $\mathcal{B}(L_\infty)$ of all (bounded, linear) operators on $L_\...
- 2,378
81
votes
3
answers
9k
views
Norms of commutators
If an $n$ by $n$ complex matrix $A$ has trace zero, then it is a commutator, which means that there are $n$ by $n$ matrices $B$ and $C$ so that $A= BC-CB$. What is the order of the best constant $\...
- 31.5k
9
votes
1
answer
893
views
Perturbations of an operator that disconnect the spectrum
The following question came to me while working on a technical matter about transversality in infinite dimension, and I'm really curious to know whether it has an affirmative answer at least under ...
- 60.5k
7
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Banach spaces with a certain separability property
In Ledoux and Talagrand's "Probability in Banach Spaces", for technical reasons they frequently assume that a Banach space $B$ has the property that the unit ball of $B^*$ contains a countable subset $...
- 11.4k
6
votes
0
answers
2k
views
Weak lower semi-continuity
Which conditions assure the weak lower semicontinuity of, say, an integral functional of the type
$F(u):=\int_\Omega f(u(x),Du(x))dx$ on $W^{1,2}(\Omega,\mathbb{R}^N)$ for a bounded, if you will even ...
7
votes
2
answers
808
views
Is a subspace with a certain property dense in the dual of a vector space?
Suppose we have a normed vector space $V$ and its dual $V^*$, and suppose that $X \subseteq V^*$ has the property that for every $v \in V$, there is some $\phi \in X$ with $\Vert \phi \Vert = 1$ such ...
- 73
11
votes
1
answer
654
views
Nonseparable Hilbert spaces as quotients of spaces of bounded functions
Is the following result true: the Hilbert space $\ell^{2}\left(2^{\Gamma}\right)$ is a quotient of $\ell^{\infty}\left(\Gamma\right)$ for any
uncountable $\Gamma$ ? [I think it is, but cannot remember ...
- 4,060
5
votes
4
answers
1k
views
Is any continuous linear operator from a dual Banach space to a separable Hilbert space the strong-operator limit of a net of adjoint operators of less or equal norm ?
Let $E$ be an arbitrary Banach space and let $T:E^{*}\rightarrow\ell^{2}$
be a linear continuous operator. Is it true that $T$ must be the
$so$-limit (i.e., limit w.r.t. the strong operator topology) ...
- 4,060
7
votes
0
answers
4k
views
Explicit element of $(\ell^{\infty})^* - \ell^1$? [duplicate]
Possible Duplicate:
What’s an example of a space that needs the Hahn-Banach Theorem?
It is well known that the dual of $\ell^{\infty}$ properly contains $\ell^1$ (over $\mathbb{N}$, say). ...
- 25.6k
2
votes
2
answers
354
views
A bound on linear functionals over cotype 2 spaces
This is a modification of the somewhat naive question that I asked below.
Suppose $X$ is a real Banach space of cotype-2, and $u_1, u_2, ... u_n$ are unit vectors in this space. For $\gamma = ((\...
- 2,151
16
votes
2
answers
4k
views
Usefulness of Frechet versus Gateaux differentiability or something in between.
If you have a function $V: L \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$, where $L$ is an infinite dimensional topological vector space, there are multiple notions of differentiability. For $x,u \in L$, $V$ is Gateaux ...
- 943
4
votes
3
answers
3k
views
Examples of Banach spaces and their duals
There are many representation theorems which state that the dual space of a Banach space $X$ has a particularly concrete form. For example, if $X = C([0,1],\mathbb R)$ is the space of real-valued ...
- 8,512
12
votes
3
answers
646
views
Radii and centers in Banach spaces
Suppose I have a Banach space $V$ and a set $A \subseteq V$ such that for all $\epsilon > 0$ there exists $v$ such that $A \subseteq \overline{B}(v, r + \epsilon)$. Does there exist $c$ such that $...
- 1,331
2
votes
0
answers
197
views
Generating cones having no surjections [in operator spaces]
Is this little toy known ?
Let $E$ be some Banach space, and let $K$ be the closed unit ball
of its dual, endowed with the weak-star topology. Also, let $j:E$ $\rightarrow$ $C(K)$
be the natural ...
- 4,060
1
vote
1
answer
359
views
Convergence of operators to the identity on Banach spaces
Let $U_\infty$ be a compact space, and let $U_r$ be an increasing family of compact subspaces whose closure is all of $U_\infty$. That is, $U_r \subseteq U_{r'}$ if $r \le r'$ and $U_\infty = \...
- 8,512
2
votes
2
answers
584
views
A proof about an unconditional basis theorem
Hello everyone. I'm in a little trouble trying to find the proof of a theorem stated by W. T. Gowers. It is the Lemma 1.6 in his article 'An infinite Ramsey theorem and some Banach space dichotomies' (...
- 105
77
votes
0
answers
4k
views
2, 3, and 4 (a possible fixed point result ?)
The question below is related to the classical Browder-Goehde-Kirk fixed point theorem.
Let $K$ be the closed unit ball of $\ell^{2}$, and let $T:K\rightarrow K$
be a mapping such that
$$\Vert Tx-Ty\...
- 4,060
2
votes
3
answers
4k
views
Show a linear operator is not compact
For $f\in L^2(0,\infty),$ define $(Tf)(x)=x^{-1}\int_0^x f(s)ds,$ for $x\in(0,\infty),$ then from hardy's inequality, $T\in B(L^2),$ my question is how to show that $T$ is not compact?
- 187
5
votes
1
answer
467
views
Info about Elton–Odell theorem
Hello everyone, could anyone please tell me where can I find information about the Elton–Odell theorem?
It states:
For any infinite dimensional Banach space $X$ there is a $q > 1$ so that $X$ ...
- 105
4
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Convergence of Gaussian measures
Let $X$ be a separable Banach space with its Borel $\sigma$-algebra $\mathcal F$. Let $x_n \to x$ in $X$. Fix a Gaussian covariance operator $K$, and let $\mathbb P_n$ and $\mathbb P$ be Gaussian ...
- 8,512