Questions tagged [set-theory]
forcing, large cardinals, descriptive set theory, infinite combinatorics, cardinal characteristics, forcing axioms, ultrapowers, measures, reflection, pcf theory, models of set theory, axioms of set theory, independence, axiom of choice, continuum hypothesis, determinacy, Borel equivalence relations, Boolean-valued models, embeddings, orders, relations, transfinite recursion, set theory as a foundation of mathematics, the philosophy of set theory.
1,112 questions
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Reference request: proof-theoretic strength of $\mathsf{KP}$ with recursively large ordinals and $\mathsf{CZF}$ with large set axioms
Large set axioms are notions corresponding to large cardinals on constructive set theories like $\mathsf{IZF}$ or $\mathsf{CZF}$. The notion of inaccessible sets, Mahlo sets, and 2-strong sets ...
- 3,042
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2
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524
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Analogues of worldly cardinals for (an unusual version of) second-order $\mathsf{ZFC}$
Let $\mathfrak{ZFC}(\mathsf{SOL})$ be the theory in second-order logic (with the standard semantics) gotten from $\mathsf{ZFC}$ by modifying the Separation and Replacement schemes to apply to ...
- 20.5k
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Ill-founded models of set theory with well-founded ordinals
Let $(\mathcal{M},E)$ be an internally non-well-founded model of set theory i.e of $ZFC^{\neg f}=ZFC\setminus \mathrm{foundation}+\neg \mathrm{foundation}$, then $\mathcal{M}$ includes an infinite ...
- 2,381
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Edge chromatic number of hypergraphs
This is question Selection problem in a collection of non-empty sets with a simplification in criterion 3.
Is there a set $X\neq\emptyset$ and a collection ${\cal F}\subseteq {\cal P}(X)\setminus\{\...
- 48.9k
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800
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Covering compact Hausdorff spaces with closed $G_\delta$ sets
I'm thinking about results of the form: Under assumption $A$, if $X$ is a compact Hausdorff space and $C$ is a cover of $X$ by closed $G_\delta$ sets, then there is a subcover of cardinality $\leq\...
- 12.5k
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360
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Models of ZFA corresponding exactly with a particular class of groups
I recently read [1], in which Blass exhibits a correspondence between:
Permutation models of ZFA in which the axiom of choice (AC) fails but the Boolean prime ideal theorem (BPIT) holds; and
...
- 183
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2
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635
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Does the class category of ZF-algebras satisfy the Multiverse axioms?
I read with interest both Hamkins Multiverse Axioms and Joyal and Moerdijk's algebraic set theory. Both of these perspectives takes a set-theory universe as an object, and consider collections of set-...
user2529
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730
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Do higher types in HoTT provide mathematical structures beyond ZFC?
I've been reading Andrej Bauer's blog post on "Univalent foundations subsume classical mathematics," which explains how Univalent Foundations and Homotopy Type Theory (HoTT) extend classical ...
- 441
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What's the minimal weight of a maximal space?
A non-empty topological space without isolated points is called maximal if every finer topology on that space has at least an isolated point. The existence of a (Hausdorff) maximal space is a simple ...
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"Robinson arithmetic" for (some) levels of $L$?
I'll write "$\mathcal{L}_\alpha$" for the fragment $\mathcal{L}_{\infty,\omega}\cap L_\alpha$.
Say that a countable admissible $\alpha$ is Robinsonian if there is some sentence $\varphi\in\mathcal{L}...
- 20.5k
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Definability of isomorphisms between class well-orderings
Inspired by this question, I've been trying to figure out for myself the basic properties of definable class well-orderings in transitive models $M$ of ZFC: What is $\omega_1^{CK}(\mathsf{Ord})$?
...
- 4,316
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Proof of global Peano existence theorem in ZF?
By global Peano existence theorem I mean the existence of a maximal interval of solution of a first order ODE $x'=f(x,t)$ with continuous $f$.
The proofs of the global Peano Theorem found in the ...
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Something like "o-minimal ordinal analysis"
Below, by "nice structure" I mean "o-minimal expansion of $(\mathbb{R};<)$ by countably many continuous functions and open relations."
Suppose $\mathfrak{A}=(\mathbb{R};<,......
- 20.5k
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Ordinal analysis and proofs of consistency
$\epsilon_0$ is the proof-theoretic ordinal of PA. Gentzen proved the consistency of Peano's first-order axioms for arithmetic using primitive recursive arithmetic and induction up to $\epsilon_0$.
...
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Why are stationary limits so ubiquitous when studying large cardinals?
While studying large cardinals, I have frequently noticed the following phenomenon: If X and Y are two different types of large cardinals, then every cardinal of type X is a stationary limit of ...
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Reference Request: Existence of Ordinal Rank Theory?
Notations: Recall that $\omega_1$ is the first uncountable ordinal.
Let $X$ be a Polish space (completely metrizable and separable) and $F(X)$ be the collection of all real-valued functions on $X.$
...
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Iterated forcing and CH
I need some help with this theorem: if $P_\beta=\langle P_\alpha,\dot{Q}_\alpha:\alpha\leq\beta\rangle$, $\beta<\omega_2$, is a CSI of proper forcings, $P_\alpha\Vdash \lvert \dot{Q}_\alpha\rvert\...
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Non-separable metric probability space
Let us say a metric probability space $(X,\rho,\mu)$ has property (*) if:
the support of $\mu$ is contained in a separable subspace of $X$.
Questions:
1. Is there a standard name for this property?
...
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Can every nonempty set carry abelian group structure? [duplicate]
Possible Duplicate:
Does every non-empty set admit a group structure (in ZF)?
Let $X$ be an arbitrary nonempty set. Can you define a multiplication making it into an abelian group?
If $X$ is ...
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683
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Can second-order logic identify "amorphous satisfiability"?
Recall that a set is amorphous iff it is infinite but has no partition into two infinite subsets. I'm interested in the possible structure (in the sense of model theory) which an amorphous set can ...
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Models with fixed cardinality of non-Lebesgue measurable sets
In the usual $\mathsf{ZFC}$, we know that there are $2^\mathfrak{c}$ many subsets of $\mathbb{R}$ that are not (Lebesgue) measurable. On the other hand, the Solovay model also provides us a model of $\...
- 1,442
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722
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Consistency of a strange (choice-wise) set of reals
Consider a set $X\subseteq \mathbb{R}$ such that
$X$ is not separable wrt its subspace topology
For all $r\in\mathbb{R}$ there exists a sequence $(x_n)_{n\in\omega} \subset X$ converging to $r$
In a ...
- 2,286
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287
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Can $\Delta^{1}_{2}$ separate degrees of constructibility?
Suppose that $\phi(x)$ is a $\Delta^{1}_{2}$-formula (without parameters) and let $A:=\{x\subseteq\omega:\phi(x)\}$. It is clear that, e.g. if there are Cohen-generics over $L$, then $A$ cannot be the ...
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Symmetric extensions and class forcing
Suppose $V\models ZFC$ and $P\in V$ is a poset of forcing conditions.
It is a basic theorem in forcing that $V[G]\models ZFC$ for any generic extension by a $V$-generic filter $G$.
It is also known ...
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Least ordinal not in a countable transitive model of ZFC
Frequently it is useful do deal with countable transitive models M of ZFC, for example in forcing constructions.
The notion of being an ordinal is absolute for any transitive model, so certainly if ...
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490
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$\mathfrak{c}$-universal linear order
I've been told once or twice that the following holds:
There is a model of $ZFC+MA+\neg CH$ in which there is a $\mathfrak{c}$-universal linear order embedded in $(\omega^\omega, \le^\ast)$
...
- 1,615
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Non Lebesgue measurable subsets with "large" outer measure
It is well known that for any set A in R^d there exists a measurable set E such that E contains A and m*(A)=m*(E). Is it possible to go the other direction?
In other words, is it true that for any ...
- 850
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383
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Infinite projective plane with small edges
Let $\kappa$ be an infinite cardinal. We say $E\subseteq {\cal P}(\kappa)$ is an infinite projective plane on $\kappa$ if
$e_1\neq e_2\in E$ implies $|e_1\cap e_2| = 1$, and
whenever $n\neq m\in \...
- 48.9k
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319
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On a property possibly separating countable and not countable cardinals
The following question is inspired by Function with vector space , which has been closed for unknown reason and which may have a wellknown answer. Is the following true?
Let $X$ be an uncountable set....
- 2,101
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Failure of Shoenfield's Absoluteness
Shoenfield's absoluteness states that if $M \subseteq N$ are models of $ZF$ and $M \supseteq \omega_1^N$, then every $\Sigma^1_2$ formula with parameters in $M$ is absolute between $M$ and $N$. In ...
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For a partition of $\mathbb{R}$ into countably infinite sets, must there be an almost-disjoint family of $2^{\frak c}$ many selectors?
My question arises from a construction I gave in my recent
answer to a question of Alexander Pruss concerning large families of independent non-measurable sets of reals. In that argument, using
the ...
- 236k
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924
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Infinite graphs isomorphic to their line graph
The only finite connected graphs $G$ that are isomorphic to their line graph $L(G)$ are the cycle graphs $C_n$ (see this link for example).
There are connected countable graphs that are isomorphic to ...
- 48.9k
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Destroying the Mahloness of a cardinal with $\kappa$.c.c. forcing
Question: Is it possible to have a Mahlo cardinal $\kappa$ such that there is a $\kappa$.c.c. forcing that makes it non-Mahlo?
If this is possible then this forcing must change the cofinality of all ...
- 5,112
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952
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Strictly order preserving maps into the integers
If $P$ and $P'$ are partial orders, a strictly order preserving map from $P$ to $P'$ is an $f:P\to P'$ satisfying that $x\lt y$ implies $f(x)\lt f(y)$ for all $x,y\in P$.
An interval in $P$ is a set ...
- 32.5k
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Ultrainfinitism, or a step beyond the transfinite
Cantor has, in the immortal words of D. Hilbert, given all of us a paradise (or perhaps, I would rather say, a great vacation spot), the TRANSFINITE.
$\aleph_0, \aleph_1,\aleph_2\dots$
the lists ...
- 7,853
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Elementary Embeddings and Relative Constructibility
Suppose $$j:M\prec N$$ is a non-trivial elementary embedding. Under what conditions on the sets (classes?) $M$ and $N$ (or even the critical point of $j$) does $j$ extend to an elementary embedding $$...
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What axioms are stronger than the Axiom of choice?
What other axioms in set theory are stronger than AC ? I mean what are those axioms that will imply AC ?
user30338
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How many closed measure zero sets are needed to cover the real line, really?
This is a refinement of an earlier question.
This question assumes familiarity with combinatorial cardinal characteristics of the continuum.
For the reader's convenience, I reproduce below the ...
- 3,104
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Incomparable dense linear orderings extending $\langle \mathbb{R},< \rangle$
Where $a<b$, say that the four “types” of non-empty bounded intervals are:
$(a,b)$, $[a,b]$, $(a,b]$, and $[a,b)$.
Let $\langle X,< \rangle$ and $\langle Y,< \rangle$ be dense linear ...
- 449
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Are larger large cardinals less expressible?
First note to the following well known theorems:
Theorem (1): The notion of "$x$ is a strongly inaccessible cardinal" is first order expressible and $\Pi_{1}$.
Theorem (2): ...
user36136
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2
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455
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Ultrafilters preserved by $\mathbb{P}$ but not by products?
Let $U\in V$ be an ultrafilter on $\omega$. We say $U$ is preserved under forcing with $\mathbb{P}$ if $\Vdash \forall x\subset \omega \ \exists Z\in U \ Z\subset x \vee Z\subset x^c$. In other words,...
- 3,038
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Cardinality of $\omega\uparrow^\omega\omega$
I was wondering what the cardinality of $\omega\uparrow^\omega\omega$ is, with $\uparrow$ being Knuth's up-arrow notation. I ask this purely out of curiosity; after finding out about set theory I feel ...
- 397
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324
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Inaccessible becomes successor of singular
Is it possible, starting from any large cardinal assumption, to find a countably closed forcing $\mathbb{P}$ such that for some inaccessible $\kappa$, $\Vdash_\mathbb{P} "\kappa = \lambda^+$ and $\...
- 18.6k
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Reducing largeness notions, uniformly
This question is a particular take on the following theme. Suppose $A$ and $B$ are two notions of "large subset of $\omega^\omega$;" when is there a uniform method for turning an element of $...
- 20.5k
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Does a continuous map from $\kappa^\omega$ to $[0,1]^\omega$ have a non-scattered fiber?
Question. Let $\kappa>\mathfrak c$ be a cardinal endowed with the discrete topology and $f:\kappa^\omega\to[0,1]^\omega$ be a continuous map. Is there a point $y\in[0,1]^\omega$ whose preimage $f^{-...
- 41.9k
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On the cardinal arithmetic of accessible categories
If $\lambda, \mu$ are regular cardinals, say that $\lambda \trianglelefteq \mu$ if $\lambda \leq \mu$ and
$$\forall X, \, |X| < \mu \implies \mathrm{cf} (P_\lambda(X)) < \mu$$
Here $P_\lambda(X)...
- 64k
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Which large cardinals are upward reflecting?
Let the first order formulas $p(x)$ and $wi(x)$ assert "$x$ is a large cardinal of type $p$" and "$x$ is weakly inaccessible" respectively.
The large cardinal type $p$ is upward reflecting if $ZFC\...
user46647
7
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0
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381
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Why has Sacks' "Measure-theoretic uniformity" not been more influential?
In the 1969 paper "Measure-theoretic uniformity in recursion theory
and set theory," Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 142 1969 381–420, Sacks gave
a measure-theoretic approach to several results previously ...
- 12.4k
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262
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Different ways of making $HOD$ far from $V$
There are different criteria for building a model $V$ of $ZFC$ which is far from its
$HOD$, for example:
$(A)$ Cardinality criteria: For this in a joint work with James Cummings and Sy Friedman, we ...
- 32.2k
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476
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Under $\neg CH$, have countable unions of rationally independent numbers inner measure zero?
In their 1943 paper On non-denumerable graphs, Erdos and Kakutani suggest as likely the following proposition.
(EK*) Suppose CH fails and $\lbrace M_n : n \in \omega \rbrace$ is a countable family of ...
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