All Questions
Tagged with measure-theory pr.probability
823 questions
2
votes
1
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363
views
Integration against Borel measures on compact Hausdorff spaces
I am studying the properties of integration against Borel measures and Baire measures. And I am not sure whether the following proposition is correct and I tried to give a proof.
Suppose that $X$ ...
- 165
7
votes
1
answer
621
views
Does every (generalized?) Markov chain admit transition probabilities?
To pose the question let us start by recalling the following notions:
Transition Probabilities. A transition probability matrix between two measurable spaces $(S,\mathcal{S})$ and $(V,\mathcal{V})$ ...
- 486
3
votes
2
answers
331
views
Extreme couplings
Let $X,Y$ be Polish spaces, and $\mu$ and $\nu$ are probability measures on $X$ and $Y$ respectively. We say that $M$ is a coupling of $\mu$ and $\nu$ if it is a probability measure on $X\times Y$, ...
- 1,655
1
vote
0
answers
364
views
Bounds on Wasserstein (Kantorovich) distance
Let $X$ be a Polish space endowed with a bounded metric $\rho_X$. Let $\mu, \mu'$ be two probability measures, and $\kappa, \kappa'$ be two stochastic kernels on $X$. Assume that $\kappa, \kappa'$ are ...
- 1,655
2
votes
0
answers
168
views
Interchanging integrals and continuous linear forms in RKHS
I am reading Reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces in probability and statistics by A Berlinet, C Thomas-Agnan.
In Chapter 5 INTEGRATION OF $\mathcal{H}$-VALUED RANDOM VARIABLES they write One of the ...
- 619
4
votes
3
answers
713
views
Measure of intersections in probability spaces
Let $(X,\mu)$ be a probability space, and $0<\epsilon<1/2$. Let $\{A_i:i\in \mathbb{N}\}$ be a collection of measurable subsets of $X$ such that $\mu(A_i)\geq \epsilon$ for all $i\in\mathbb{N}$.
...
- 167
2
votes
1
answer
560
views
Covariance matrix as optimization problem solution?
I have seen the expectation of a random vector expressed as the solution to the optimization problem:
\begin{equation}
\mathbb{E}[X]=argmin_{v \in \mathbb{R}^n}\mathbb{E}[\|X-v\|_{l^2}^2](:= \int_{\...
- 5,405
2
votes
1
answer
202
views
What is the formal name of this set-related concept?
I "invented" a concept and it feels like it has already been invented before. I would like to know whether such a concept exists and if so, what is its name?
Let $S$ be a family of finite sets.
Say ...
- 3,549
1
vote
0
answers
139
views
weak-* versus entropy growth
General question. Let $\eta_{n}$ be a sequence of invariant measures on $\{0,1,2,...,p-1\}^{\mathbb{N}}$ and $B$ the Bernoulli uniform measure. Knowing that $\eta_{n} \rightarrow B$ in the weak-* ...
6
votes
1
answer
930
views
Weak convergence in random measures
I don't understand the following as I read along a proof in a paper (Page 66, "Asymptotic Behaviour of some interacting systems", by Sylvie Meleard):
We denote by $\mathcal{P}({M})$ the ...
- 357
2
votes
1
answer
144
views
Do we have independence if we let the indices of the events increase?
Let $(\Omega, \mathscr F, \mathbb P)$ be a probability space.
Consider events indexed by $m, n \in \mathbb N$:
$ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ A_{1,n}, A_{2,n}, A_{3,n} ...$ are n-wise independent.
$A_{m,1}...
- 247
4
votes
1
answer
220
views
Question about the weak convergence of probability
Let $\mu$ be a probability measure on $\mathbb R$ and set
$$c(K):=\int_{\mathbb R}(x-K)^+d\mu(x).$$
Assume that one has a sequence of probability measures $(\mu_n)_{n\ge 1}$ s.t.
$$\int_{\mathbb R}\...
- 1,835
1
vote
1
answer
166
views
Question abouth Skorokhod representation of random variables (II)
This is a continuation of
Question abouth Skorokhod representation of random variables
Let $\mu$ and $\nu$ be two probability measures on $\mathbb R$ such that
$$\int_{\mathbb R}|x|^pd\mu(x),~ \...
- 1,835
5
votes
1
answer
356
views
Question abouth Prokhorov metric
Let $X$ and $Y$ be two random variables with first order moments, i.e. $E[|X|]$, $E[|Y|]<+\infty$. Assume further that
$$E\left[|X-Y|\right]<\varepsilon.$$
Set $Law(X)=\mu$ and $Law(Y)=\nu$, ...
- 1,835
3
votes
1
answer
304
views
Question abouth Skorokhod representation of random variables
It is known that for any two probability measures $\mu$ and $\nu$ on $\mathbb R$ that are close in the Prokhorov metric $\rho$, i.e.
$$\rho(\mu,\nu)<\varepsilon,$$
then there exist two random ...
- 1,835
0
votes
1
answer
557
views
Is the limsup or liminf of n-wise independent events independent?
Let $(\Omega, \mathscr F, \mathbb P)$ be a probability space.
Consider events indexed by $m, n \in \mathbb N$:
$ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ A_{1,n}, A_{2,n}, A_{3,n} ...$ are n-wise independent.
$A_{m,1}...
- 247
2
votes
1
answer
145
views
Calculate correlation values of an ensemble of $N\times N$ real asymmetric random matrix from Gaussian measure
I am now reading a paper by Sommers, H. J., et al. "Spectrum of large random asymmetric matrices." Physical Review Letters 60.19 (1988): 1895-1898., it claims a mathematical statement (equation (2) in ...
- 325
9
votes
1
answer
950
views
Sort-of converse of Kolmogorov zero-one theorem
Let $(\Omega, \mathscr F, \mathbb P)$ be a probability space. The Kolmogorov zero-one theorem states that
Suppose we have independent random variables $X_1, X_2, ...$. Then $\forall \ A \in \bigcap_n ...
- 247
3
votes
0
answers
84
views
Stochastic equation
Let $X,Y$ be Polish spaces and $\kappa:X\times \mathcal B(Y)\to[0,1]$ be a Borel-measurable stochastic kernel on $Y$ given $X$. Under which conditions for a probability measure $\nu$ on $Y$ there ...
- 1,655
0
votes
0
answers
216
views
Hoeffding's lemma for unbounded r.v with bounded exponential map
Let $X$ be a real r.v with $E[e^{\lambda X}] < \infty $ for all $\lambda \in [-c,c]$.
Is it possible to get an Hoeffding's lemma like bound on $E[e^{\lambda(X-EX)}]$. That is, an upper bound: $$E[...
- 9
5
votes
1
answer
386
views
Lower semi-continuity of the Hellinger-Fisher-Rao distance
I am currently working on unbalanced optimal transport, where the Hellinger (or sometimes Fisher-Rao) distance
$$
H^2(\rho,\mu)=\int_{\Omega}\left|\sqrt{\frac{d\rho}{d\lambda}}-\sqrt{\frac{d\mu}{d\...
- 5,380
3
votes
1
answer
585
views
Classification of Lebesgue-Rokhlin spaces
I am currently trying to grasp some ideas on Lebesgue-Rokhlin spaces from Bogachev, "Measure Theory", vol. 2.
Such spaces are also known as standard probability spaces but the definitions are not ...
- 1,773
0
votes
0
answers
81
views
Why is $\mathcal{E}(X)=\mathcal{E}(X,X^*)$?
According to a course about $\sigma$-agebras in infinite dimensional space they said that it is easy to see that :
$$\mathcal{E}(X)=\mathcal{E}(X,X^*)$$
where:
$X$ is separable real Banach space.
$\...
- 121
5
votes
2
answers
898
views
Density of Gaussian measures on Banach spaces
I am trying to get my head around this question and was reading (1) which states the same a little bit more general:
Let $X$ be a separable Banach space and $X^*$ the dual space. The mean
value $...
- 619
2
votes
0
answers
225
views
Stopping time sigma-fields
Let $(F_n)$ be a discrete Filtration and $S_n,S$ (not necessarily finite) stopping times with $S_n\uparrow S$ (increasing convergence).
Is it true that the associated sigma-fields satisfy $F_{S_n}\...
- 93
8
votes
1
answer
360
views
Can we recover a topological space from the collection of Borel probability measures living on it?
Let $(X, \tau)$ be a topological space, and $\mathcal{P}(X, \tau)$ be the Borel probability measures living on $X$. Can we recover $(X, \tau)$ from $\mathcal{P}(X, \tau)$?
user76098
4
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Does Borel's proof for existence of normal numbers make an essential use of axiom of choice?
A normal number is a real number whose infinite sequence of digits in every base $b$ is distributed uniformly in the sense that each of the $b$ digit values has the same natural density $\frac{1}{b}$, ...
3
votes
0
answers
237
views
Reference request: Darboux properties of real-valued set functions (measures, densities, etc.)
Fix a set $S$ and let $f: \mathcal P(S) \rightharpoonup \mathbf R$ be a real-valued partial function on the power set of $S$; denote by $\mathcal D$ the domain of $f$. We say that $f$ has:
(i) the ...
- 10.5k
6
votes
1
answer
1k
views
About the generating structure of Borel field
This is a graduate-level measure theory problem. I have thought throught it and asked on math.SE but received no satisfying answer.
On P.32 of [P.Billingsley] Probability and Measure, 3ed, 1993, the ...
- 8,071
5
votes
1
answer
652
views
Proof of Pinelis (1992) - Banach space inequalities
I am reading Pinelis "An approach to inequalities for the distributions of infinite -dimensional martingales" and cannot follow his proof of Theorem 3:
Let $(f_n)$ be a martingale in a separable ...
- 619
2
votes
0
answers
121
views
Coupling Marginals of Distributions on the Sphere
Given a distribution $P_X$ on $\mathbb{R}$, when does there exist a coupling (i.e. joint distribution) $P_{X^n}$ of $X_1,...,X_n$, each distributed according to $P_X$, such that $\sum X_i^2 = n$ ...
- 31
-1
votes
2
answers
440
views
$\langle X\rangle_t = t$
Suppose $B_t$ is a standard Brownian motion in $\mathbb{R}^d$ and $X_t = |B_t|$. What is the easiest way to see that$$\langle X\rangle_t = t?$$I need this result for a simulation I am running...
- 93
2
votes
0
answers
60
views
A canonical example of the non-existence of predictive probability distribution
Section 3 of Fortini et al. (2000) states that
Given $(X^\infty, \mathcal X^\infty,P)$, a predictive probability distribution of $x_n$ given $(x_1, \dots, x_{n-1})$ with respect to $P$ need not ...
- 131
1
vote
0
answers
146
views
Measurable selections of a finite familiy of measures
EDIT. I'm adding a missing hypothesis and a really TL;DR version of the core problem. Warning: This short statement is the strongest form of what I want, hence not as plausible as the original form.
...
- 1,124
8
votes
1
answer
726
views
continuity of the Boltzmann entropy in the Wasserstein metric
For Lebesgue-absolutely continuous probability measures $\rho\ll \mathcal{L}^d$ in the whole space $\mathbb{R}^d$ with finite second moments (i-e $\rho\in \mathcal{P}^2_{ac}(\mathbb{R}^d)$), let
$$
\...
- 5,380
0
votes
1
answer
374
views
Approximation of general measurable maps by simple functions [closed]
Let $f : (\Omega, \mathcal F) \to (\mathbb R, \mathcal B(\mathbb R)$ be a measurable map, then it is well-known that $f$ could be approximated by a sequence $(f_n)$ of simple measurable functions, ...
- 798
3
votes
1
answer
802
views
Sub-$\sigma$-algebras and conditional expectation
Is it true that any sub-$\sigma$-algebra of a Rokhlin-Lebesgue space is induced (up to completion) by a measurable map into another Rokhlin-Lebesgue space?
In other words, is it true that conditional ...
- 133
1
vote
0
answers
166
views
Finitely additive measure over integers [duplicate]
We know that, with Axiom of Choice (AC), it can be shown that there exists a finitely additive uniform distribution defined for all subsets of the integers (see, e.g., Hrbacek and Jech 1999, Ch. 11).
...
- 19
4
votes
2
answers
714
views
Polish by compact is Polish?
Let $X,Y$ be separable and metrizable, with $Y$ Polish, and suppose there is a topological quotient map $f:X\to Y$ with compact fibers. Is $X$ Polish?
I have a specific space in mind, so if the ...
- 532
-1
votes
1
answer
148
views
Continuity of function mapping $\mathcal{P}(\mathcal{P}(X))$ to $\mathcal{P}(X)$ [closed]
Given a topological space $Y$, let $\mathcal{P}(Y)$ be the set of all probability measures on $Y$, endowed with the weak* topology.
Let $X$ be a topological space (for convenience, it might be Polish ...
4
votes
1
answer
565
views
convergence of integral for each bounded function in probability
Let $\mu, \mu_1, \mu_2, \dots$ be random measures on
a Polish space (separable completely metrizable topological space) $(S, {\mathcal S})$.
Suppose I know that
$$\int f d \mu_n \to \int f d\mu$$
...
- 255
2
votes
1
answer
446
views
Is the following "section-wise" defined function measurable in the product space?
I asked this question in mathstackexchange a couple of days ago. Almost right after posing it a partial (affirmative) answer came to my mind in the following form
Proposition: Assume that $(X,\...
- 486
21
votes
2
answers
3k
views
A measure on the space of probability measures
This question was originaly posted in the stackexchange https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1226701/a-measure-on-the-space-of-probability-measures but since it only got a comment I decided to ...
- 361
2
votes
1
answer
328
views
Criterion for weak convergence of probability measures on S' or D'
Let $X_n$ in $S'$ and $\mu_n$, $\mu$ in $M(S')$. $S'$ is the space of tempered distributions. I'm looking for a reference that says if $< f, X_n >$ converges in distribution to $< f,X>$ ...
- 21
5
votes
0
answers
178
views
Support of a Measure with Characteristic Functional Continuous in $L_p$, $1\leq p <2$?
Let $\mathcal{S}(\mathbb{R})$ be the space of smooth and rapidly decaying functions and $\mathcal{S}'(\mathbb{R})$ its dual, the space of tempered distributions. Let $\mathscr{P}$ be a probability ...
- 2,306
0
votes
1
answer
292
views
Volume of randomly changing sphere follows beta distribution
We are given $X,X_1,\ldots,X_N$ independent and identically distributed $k$-dimensional vectors. For a given query point $X_q\in\mathbb{R}^k$ assume without loss of generality that $X_1,\ldots,X_m$ ...
- 329
7
votes
2
answers
816
views
Rademacher average based Hoeffding Inequality
I am following these lecture notes:
Given the i.i.d. $\mathcal{Z}$-valued random variables $Z_1,\dotsc,Z_m$ and $\mathcal{G}$ is a set of bounded functions $g\colon \mathcal{Z}\to[a,b]$.
Corollary 2....
- 619
9
votes
1
answer
483
views
Defining functions pointwise vs. almost everywhere (w.r.t. uncountably many mutually singular measures)
My question is motivated by a general measure-theoretic problem that one frequently encounters in probability: the need to work with uncountably many mutually singular measures at once, and with ...
- 4,010
1
vote
0
answers
260
views
Generating the sigma algebras on the set of probability measures
I was wondering if somebody could help me see/provide a reference to the following fact: Let $X$ be a metrizable set, $\mathcal{F}$ the corresponding Borel sigma-algebra on $X$, and $\triangle\left(X,\...
- 11
1
vote
1
answer
258
views
Conversion between condtional expection conditioned on $\sigma$-algebra and on r.v
Let $(\Omega, \mathcal F, P)$ be a probability space, and let $\mathcal G \subseteq \mathcal F$ be a sub-$\sigma$-algebra of $\mathcal F$ and $X : \Omega \to \mathbb R$ a random variable. Then the ...
- 798