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27 votes
3 answers
5k views

Weak and Strong Integration of vector-valued functions

This is probably an elementary question, but outside my area of expertise, and I was unable to find any suitable reference: Suppose $f:X\to E$ is a continuous function from a compact spaces (endowed ...
Hadi's user avatar
  • 741
25 votes
6 answers
15k views

Does every distribution define a Radon measure?

On the one hand, Wikipedia suggests that every distribution defines a Radon measure: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_(mathematics)#Functions_as_distributions (revision from February 2010, ...
Tom Ellis's user avatar
  • 2,895
12 votes
1 answer
353 views

smooth Luzin theorem

For measurable functions $f(x)$, $g(x)$ on $[0,1]$ define the distance $\rho(f,g)$ as a Lebesgue measure of the set $\{x:f(x)\ne g(x)\}$. Then Luzin's famous theorem states that $C[0,1]$ is dense with ...
Fedor Petrov's user avatar
12 votes
3 answers
3k views

Infinitesimal generators of stochastic processes

What's the $L^1$ analogue of Stone's theorem saying that any strongly continuous 1-parameter unitary groups has a unique self-adjoint generator? More precisely: let $X$ be a measure space ($\sigma$-...
John Baez's user avatar
  • 22.3k
12 votes
1 answer
859 views

Who first found this characterization of Lebesgue integration?

Write $L^1$ for the Banach space $L^1([0, 1])$. Given $f \in L^1$, define $f_1, f_2 \in L^1$ by $$ f_1(x) = f(x/2), \qquad f_2(x) = f((x + 1)/2). $$ Let $I = \int_0^1$. Then $I$ is the unique ...
Tom Leinster's user avatar
  • 27.7k
6 votes
1 answer
1k views

Prove that the flow of a divergence-free vector field is measure preserving

On page 3 of this preprint, after recalling the definition of flow generated by a vector field, the authors remark that "a necessary condition for a flow $\varphi_t(\cdot)$ generated by $a(t, \cdot)$ ...
Riku's user avatar
  • 839
6 votes
1 answer
575 views

Sub-Gaussian decay of convolution of $L^1$ function with Gaussian kernel

I think it might be helpful to put the new statement at the beginning and put the original post at the end. This new statement is more mathematically elegant. Let $f\geq0$ be in $L^1(\mathbb{R}^d)$ ...
neverevernever's user avatar
6 votes
2 answers
1k views

Existence of a measure-preserving bijection

Let $f, g \, \colon \mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be two Borel-measurable functions such that $f$ is non negative and g is radially symmetric, the function $ (0, \infty )\ni t \mapsto g (tx)$ ...
Mike's user avatar
  • 161
3 votes
2 answers
809 views

Growth of $L^p$ norms as $p \to \infty$

Let $f$ be a non-negative function defined on the unit interval. It is well known that $N(p) := \left(\int_0^1 f^p(t) dt\right)^{\frac{1}{p}} $ converges to $\operatorname{esssup}_{[0,1]} f$ when $p \...
Hammerhead's user avatar
  • 1,211
3 votes
2 answers
322 views

Hausdorff dimension of the graph of the sum of two continuous functions

How can one prove the following result on the Hausdorff dimension of the graph of the sum of two continuous functions: Let $f,g:[0,1] \to \mathbb R$ be two continuous functions. Suppose that $$\...
user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
233 views

A special approximation of the Heaviside function

Is there a $C^m$ approximation $f_\epsilon$ of the Heaviside function such that $$f_\epsilon(x) = f_1(x/\epsilon) = \begin{cases} 0 & \text{ if } x < 0 \\ 1 & \text{ if } x/\epsilon \ge 1 \...
Hiro's user avatar
  • 131
3 votes
1 answer
213 views

Unique solution of a 1-D ODE with a bounded positive right-hand-side

Consider the initial value problem $$\dot x(t) = F(t,x), \quad t \in (0,T)$$ with given initial datum $$x(0) = x_0 \in \mathbb R.$$ More precisely we consider the integral equation $$x(t)=x(0)+\int_0^...
Riku's user avatar
  • 839
3 votes
0 answers
73 views

"Almost" absolute continuity of derivative of BV function if ${\rm Tr}\,D_Sf = 0$

Let $f: \mathbb R^N \to \mathbb R^N$ be a $BV$ function. Suppose that $\mathrm{div} f$ is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure: $\operatorname{div} f \ll \mathcal L^N$. This ...
Riku's user avatar
  • 839
3 votes
0 answers
860 views

decreasing rearrangements: why the asymmetry of measure-preserving maps?

Ryff proved in 1970 that the decreasing rearrangement $f^*$ of a, say, continuous function $f:[0,1]\to\mathbb{R}$ admits a measure preserving map $\phi$ such that $f=f^*\circ\phi$. In general it is ...
Mikhail Katz's user avatar
  • 16.6k
2 votes
1 answer
282 views

Measurability of a net

Let $(f_\epsilon)_{\epsilon>0}$ be a family of positive measurable functions on $L_p(\mathbb R)$ where $1<p<\infty.$ Assume that the pointwise supremum $f^*(x)=\sup_{\epsilon>0}|f_\epsilon(...
A beginner mathmatician's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
239 views

Injectivity of an integral transform

For a bounded function $F: \mathbb R_{\ge 0} \to \mathbb R$ (not necessarily non-negative), is it true that $$\int_0^\infty \frac{x^ks}{(s^2+x^2)^{(k+3)/2}} F(x) dx = 0 \text{ for all $s >0$} \iff ...
Jun's user avatar
  • 303
2 votes
1 answer
373 views

Bakry-Emery criterion

The most common use of the Bakry-Emery criterion is for the measure $\mu(x)=e^{-u(x)} /Z$ where $u \in \mathcal{C}^2$. I would like to ask for an application to a smaller class. Consider $u(x)=|x|^2 + ...
Iosif Lytras's user avatar
2 votes
0 answers
162 views

$\int_{\mathbb{R}^{N}\setminus\Omega}\vert x-z\vert^{-N-\alpha} dz = c \ \forall x\in\partial U$ implies $dist(x,\partial\Omega)=c, x \in \partial U$?

Let $\alpha \in \mathbb R_+$, $\Omega \subset \mathbb R^N$ and $U \subset \Omega$. Is it true that if $$\int_{\mathbb R^N \setminus \Omega} |x - z|^{-N-\alpha} dz = \text{constant} \quad \text{for all ...
user175203's user avatar
2 votes
0 answers
100 views

What is the weak limit of $f_n \ \mathrm{sign}(f_n - 1)$ if $f_n \to f$ weakly in $L^p([0,1])$?

Let $f_n: [0,1] \to \mathbb R$ be a uniformly bounded sequence in $L^p$. Then there exists a subsequence such that $f_{n_k} \to f$ weakly in $L^p([0,1])$. What is the weak limit of the sequence of ...
Lao's user avatar
  • 217
2 votes
0 answers
71 views

Example of BV vector field $c$ without bounded divergence such that $u$ is bounded where $u_t + div(cu) = 0$

What is an example of vector field $c: \mathbb R_+ \times \mathbb R^N \to \mathbb R^N$ with $c \in L^1(\mathbb{R}_+, BV(\mathbb R^N))$ without bounded divergence $div_x c$ but such that there exists a ...
Riku's user avatar
  • 839
2 votes
0 answers
73 views

Projection of BV function

Let $u \in [BV(\mathbb R^N)]^N$. We have $$D^{jump} u(x) = a(x) \otimes b(x)|D^{jump}u|,$$ where $a,b \in \mathbb S^{N-1}$. What is the projection of $D^{jump}u$ in the direction $a$? And how can ...
Riku's user avatar
  • 839
2 votes
0 answers
199 views

Convergence of the difference quotient of a BV function

Consider a BV function $u \in BV(\mathbb{R}^N; \mathbb{R}^N)$. What can be said about the difference quotient $$ \frac{u(x+\epsilon y)-u(x)}{\epsilon} $$ regarding its convergence as $\epsilon \to 0$...
Riku's user avatar
  • 839
1 vote
2 answers
115 views

Computation of tangent functional

In Measures Which Agree on Balls by Hoffmann-Jørgenson, the tangent functional is defined as follows. If $x \in S$, we define the tangent functional $\tau(x,\cdot)$ at $x$ as \begin{equation} \...
i like math's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
99 views

Convergence of ODE with uniform $L^\infty \cap L^1$ bound on nonlinearity

Consider the IVP $$ \left\{ \begin{aligned} \frac{d}{dt} \Phi_n(t,x) &= f_n(\Phi_n(t,x)) && \forall t \in \mathbf{R}_+ \\ \Phi_n(0,x) &= x && \forall x \in \mathbf{R} \end{...
zelda's user avatar
  • 73
1 vote
1 answer
185 views

Interpolation of $L^p$ spaces

Let $\Omega_x$ and $\Omega_y$ be sets of finite Lebesgue measure. We can then look at the space $X_1:=L^2(\Omega_x \times \Omega_y).$ This space is contained in the larger space $$X_0:=L^2(\...
user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
125 views

Functions such that $ \Vert\tfrac{d^4}{dx^4}f\Vert_{L^2(0,1)} < \sqrt{2} \Vert f \Vert_{L^1(0,1)}$

Is there a (non-constant) function $f \in C^4((0,1))$ that is zero in an interval $(a,b) \subset (0,1)$ and such that the inequality $$\Vert\tfrac{d^4}{dx^4}f\Vert_{L^2(0,1)} < \sqrt{2}\Vert f \...
Hiro's user avatar
  • 131
1 vote
1 answer
426 views

$L^p$ compactness for a sequence of functions from compactness of cut-off

Fix $p \in [1,\infty)$. Let $f_n:[a,b] \to \mathbb R$, $n \in \mathbb N$, be a sequence of $C^1$ functions. For every fixed $m\in \mathbb N^*$, suppose that the sequence of functions $$\{f_{n}\psi_m(...
Zac's user avatar
  • 161
1 vote
1 answer
178 views

Growth assumption and example of finite (arbitrarily small) time blow up for ODE

Consider the following ODE initial value problem \begin{align*} &\frac{d}{dt}\Phi(t,x) = \boldsymbol{F}(t,\Phi(t,x)), & t \in [0,T], \ \ x \in \mathbb{R}^N,\\ &\Phi(0,x) = x, & x \in \...
Riku's user avatar
  • 839
1 vote
1 answer
387 views

$L^p$ compactness for a sequence of functions from compactness of product with cut-off

Fix $p \in [1,\infty)$. Let $f_n:[a,b] \to \mathbb R$, $n \in \mathbb N$, be a sequence of $C^1$ functions. For every fixed $m\in \mathbb N^*$, suppose that the sequence of functions $$\{f_{n}\psi_m(...
Zac's user avatar
  • 161
1 vote
0 answers
107 views

Level sets of a BV function and its derivative

Given $u \in BV(\Omega; \mathbb{R}^M)$, where $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^N$, what is the relationship between its level sets and its distributional derivative $Db$? More specifically, does Alberti ...
Riku's user avatar
  • 839
1 vote
0 answers
283 views

Density of Dolean exponentials in L2 and Wiener Measure

Assume that W is the classical Wiener space C([0,1],R) note $\mu$ the Wiener measure, and denote by $\mu_s$ the image of $\mu$ under the maping $T: W ->W$ such that$ T(w)= \sqrt(s) w$ . Denote by $...
Syd L's user avatar
  • 19
0 votes
1 answer
148 views

Total variation of composition of BV function and diffeomorphism [closed]

Let $f:\mathbb R \to \mathbb R$ be a $BV$ function and $g:\mathbb R \to \mathbb R$ be a diffeomorphism. What is the total variation of $f \circ g$? My guess is $$ TV(f\circ g) \le TV(f) \Vert (g^{-1})'...
Jun's user avatar
  • 303
0 votes
1 answer
242 views

When do the weak-star and compact convergence (compact-open) topology coincide on the dual of a Banach space?

In Measures Which Agree on Balls by Hoffmann-Jørgenson, it is claimed on page 323 that for an arbitrary Banach space $E$, if $\pi$ is the topology on $E^*$ of uniform convergence on compact subsets of ...
i like math's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
246 views

Riemann-Liouville integral of $f$ is zero implies $f =0$ a.e

The Riemann-Liouville integral is defined by $$ I^\alpha f(x)=\frac{1}{\Gamma(\alpha)} \int_a^x f(t)(x-t)^{\alpha-1} d t $$ where $\Gamma$ is the gamma function and $a$ is an arbitrary but fixed base ...
Grandes Jorasses's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
236 views

Estimate on total variation of composition of functions

Let $f \in BV(\mathbb R)$ and $g: \mathbb R \to \mathbb R$ be Lipschitz. How can I estimate the total variation of $f\circ g$, that is $$ \int_{\mathbb R} \left|\frac{d}{dx}f(g(x))\right| dx \ ? $$ ...
Jun's user avatar
  • 303
0 votes
1 answer
86 views

Kolmogorov entropy of a subset of $L^1$

How can we estimate the Kolmogorov $\epsilon$-entropy $$H_\epsilon (A,L^1(\mathbb R))$$ where $ A = \{f:\mathbb R \to [0,K] \text{ s.t. $f \in L^1$ and has total variation $TV(f) \le M$}\} $?
Riku's user avatar
  • 839
0 votes
0 answers
57 views

Projection measure and an integral formula for Lipschitz functions

Let $n\geq m\geq 0$ be integers and put $k=n-m$. Let $A\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ be Borel measurable, we define the projection measure of $A$ as $$\mu_k(A):=\underset{P_1, \ldots, P_r}{\sup_{A=A_1\sqcup\...
Alexander's user avatar
0 votes
0 answers
94 views

When can an affine functional on the dual be represented as an element of a Banach space?

In Measures Which Agree on Balls by Hoffmann-Jørgenson, we are given a functional $\varphi: T(x_0)\to (-\infty, \infty]$, which is a lower semicontinuous, affine, Baire function on a subspace $T(x_0)$ ...
i like math's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
440 views

Variation on Fatou's lemma for Sobolev norms

Recall that Fatou's Lemma says that for every sequence $f_n$ of non-negative measurable functions $$\int \liminf_{n\to \infty} f_n \ d\mu\leq \liminf_{n\to \infty} \int f_n\ d\mu \ .$$ If I am not ...
analyst's user avatar
-1 votes
1 answer
114 views

Interpolation inequality $\int_{\mathbb R} u^3 dx \le \int_{\mathbb R} (u')^2 dx + \int_{\mathbb{R}} u^2 dx$ [closed]

Let $u \in C^\infty(\mathbb R)$. Is it true that the following interpolation inequality holds? $$\int_{\mathbb R} u^3 dx \lesssim \int_{\mathbb R} (u')^2 dx + \int_{\mathbb{R}} u^2 dx$$
Lao's user avatar
  • 217