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Questions designed to generate a "big list" of certain results, examples, conjectures, etc. via many individual answers, each contributing one or a few instances. Such a question should typically be in Community Wiki mode (CW); after asking, please, flag for moderators attention requesting the question to be made CW.

71 votes
34 answers
12k views

Trichotomies in mathematics

Added. Thanks to all who participated! Let me humbly apologize to those who were annoyed (quite understandably) by this thread, deeming it nothing more than an exercise in futility. If you thought the …
14 votes

Not especially famous, long-open problems which anyone can understand

Imre Ruzsa conjectured in 1971 (Mat. Lapok 22, in Hungarian) that a congruence-preserving mapping $f : \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{Z}$ is a polynomial as soon as the power series $A(t) := \sum_{n \in \math …
Martin Sleziak's user avatar
12 votes

Contest problems with connections to deeper mathematics

Sometimes, interesting clusters of questions may arise in this way. The last problem given at the 1991 Mathematical Olympiad asked to construct an infinite bounded sequence of real numbers having $|x …
KConrad's user avatar
  • 50.6k
36 votes

What are some very important papers published in non-top journals?

Here is what naturally came to my mind, before I saw the date constraint. I will add it nonetheless, as it is a fine example of a truly significant paper published in a rather curious choice of journa …
Vesselin Dimitrov's user avatar
33 votes

Proposals for polymath projects

One of Imre Ruzsa's problems [1], from 1971, asked for the slowest possible exponential growth rate of a mapping $f : \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{Z}$ that is not a polynomial and yet shares with (integer) …
Community's user avatar
  • 1
3 votes

Examples of naturally occurring Quadratic forms or quadrics.

Binary quadratic forms arise in nature as norm forms for a quadratic field. This point of view has various consequences in number theory. For a fixed negative discriminant (the definite case), Gauss …
Vesselin Dimitrov's user avatar
11 votes

Shortest/Most elegant proof for $L(1,\chi)\neq 0$

Here is an elementary proof, the basic idea for which is in Selberg's 1949 paper "An elementary proof of Dirichlet's theorem about primes in an arithmetic progression" (Ann. Math., vol 2, 1949, pp. 29 …
Vesselin Dimitrov's user avatar
14 votes
2 answers
684 views

Occurrences of D. H. Lehmer's 10-th degree polynomial

Salem numbers and Lehmer's minimum height problem are venerated not only in number theory and diophantine analysis, where they are considered naturally interesting for their own sake, but also in fiel …