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Topology of cell complexes and manifolds, classification of manifolds (e.g. smoothing, surgery), low dimensional topology (e.g. knot theory, invariants of 4-manifolds), embedding theory, combinatorial and PL topology, geometric group theory, infinite dimensional topology (e.g. Hilbert cube manifolds, theory of retracts).

43 votes
Accepted

To which extent can one recover a manifold from its group of homeomorphisms

Answer is: Yes, one can recover $M$ if it is a compact manifold. See J. V. Whittaker: On Isomorphic groups and homeomorphic spaces, Annals of Math 1963. EDIT Actually, one knows a lot more, see, for …
Igor Rivin's user avatar
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39 votes
Accepted

Unusual symmetries of the Cayley-Menger determinant for the volume of tetrahedra

These are the so-called Regge symmetries, described by T. Regge in a 1970-ish paper. For a bit on it, with references, see the paper Philip P. Boalch, MR 2342290 Regge and Okamoto symmetries, Comm. M …
Igor Rivin's user avatar
  • 96.4k
26 votes

Why should I care about the Jones polynomial?

As a historical note (others may have had a different perspective - I was a graduate student when the Jones polynomial made its appearance), when it came out there was some mild excitement because the …
Igor Rivin's user avatar
  • 96.4k
25 votes

Thurston's "tinker toy" problem

The result comes by way of Nash's theorem which states that every smooth manifold is a component of a real algebraic variety. Nash, John, Real algebraic manifolds, Ann. Math. (2) 56, 405-421 (1952). …
Igor Rivin's user avatar
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22 votes
Accepted

Which closed orientable $4$-dimensional manifolds cannot be embedded in $6$-space?

This is true if and only if $X^4$ is spin and its signature vanishes. This is on p. 345 in Gompf/Stipsicz (4-manifolds and Kirby calculus), who cite Ruberman: Imbedding four-manifold and slicing links …
Igor Rivin's user avatar
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22 votes
Accepted

A manifold is a homotopy type and _what_ extra structure?

You are talking about the (much studied) Poincare duality spaces. For a survey, see the very nice one by John Klein: (seems to be unpublished, but dates to April 2010).
Igor Rivin's user avatar
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19 votes
Accepted

Random links and $3$-manifolds

There is no universally accepted model of random three-manifolds (or random knots/links) for that matter, however, hyperbolicity is pervasive in all known models. The most popular (but not really sati …
Igor Rivin's user avatar
  • 96.4k
18 votes

Why are Fuchsian groups interesting?

Check out Indra's Pearls. (Mumford, Series, Wright).
Igor Rivin's user avatar
  • 96.4k
18 votes
Accepted

Is there a combinatorial analogue of Ricci flow?

Actually, there are a number of references by Ben Chow, Feng Luo, and D. Glickenstein on this subject, mostly in two dimensions. Glickenstein's work (Glickenstein was a student of Ben Chow's) is more …
Igor Rivin's user avatar
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17 votes
Accepted

certain trigonometric homeomorphisms

The magic words are $\tan(\theta/2).$ That substitution reduces your question to asking which rational functions $\mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ are homeomorphisms. Those are precisely the functio …
Igor Rivin's user avatar
  • 96.4k
15 votes

Can an oriented closed $n(\geq 2)$-dimensional manifold be smoothly embedded in $\mathbb{R}^...

Every closed orientable (smooth) $n$-manifold (smoothly) embeds in $\mathbb{R}^{2n-1}.$ This is true for $n> 4$ by Haefliger-Hirsch, $n=3$ by C.T.C. Wall (Wall's paper has the reference to Haefliger-H …
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15 votes
Accepted

Are there congruence subgroups other than $\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb Z)$ with exactly 1 cusp?

Yes, there are plenty of others with the best known being the one corresponding to the hexagonal torus. For a list of low-genus congruence subgroups see here. (Sebastian Pauli at UNC Greensboro).
Igor Rivin's user avatar
  • 96.4k
14 votes

When are (finite) simplicial complexes (smooth) manifolds?

A simplicial complex is a manifold if the links of all vertices are simplicial spheres. Recognizing the $n$-sphere is easy for $n=1, 2$, tractable for $n=3$ (the Rubinstein-Thompson algorithm and refi …
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  • 96.4k
14 votes

If $X$ and $Y$ are homotopy equivalent, then are $X \times \mathbb{R}^{\infty}$ and $Y \time...

I believe the answer is YES, where reasonable = finite simplicial complex, based on the work of Chapman on Hilbert Cube manifolds. Namely, I believe that it is a 1973 definition of Chapman that a Hil …
Igor Rivin's user avatar
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13 votes
Accepted

Is $\partial X$ a sphere for $X$ a complete CAT$(0)$ space?

For a piecewise Euclidean or piecewise hyperbolic metric on a PL manifold, the answer is YES. This is proved (p348 in published version) by M. Davis and T. Januszkiewicz in M. Davis, T.Januszkiewicz, …
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