Questions tagged [extremal-graph-theory]
Study of graphs satisfying a property that are maximal or minimal with respect to some parameter. A classic example is Turán's Theorem, which exactly characterizes the densest graphs on $n$ vertices without a $K_t$ subgraph.
253 questions
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Turán density of an unbalanced complete $r$-partite $r$-graph
In a survey by Füredi and Simonovits called "The history of degenerate (bipartite) extremal graph problems," Theorem 10.5 states the following:
Let $\mathcal K = K^{(r)}(a_1, \dots, a_r)$ ...
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Beurling’s extremality criterion for curves: two versions
I see Beurling’s extremality criterion at two places: the proof is almost identical, but the statement is very different. Below,
$$
\ell_\rho (\gamma) = \int_\gamma \rho(z) |dz|.
$$
"Extremal&...
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Kovari-Sos-Turan theorem
Let $r \leq s$ be fixed natural numbers. Then by the Kővári–Sós–Turán theorem, any graph on $n$ vertices with at least $cn^{2-\frac{1}{r}}$ edges contains a complete bipartite subgraph $K_{r,s}$ for a ...
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Is homomorphism density of partially labeled graph continuous with respect to cut metric
Let $F=(V, E)$ be a finite simple graph on $n$ vertices with two labelled vertices, say $x, y$. Let $W:[0, 1]^2\to [-1, 1]$ be symmetric function. Lov'asz's book (Large Networks and Graph Limits) ...
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Lovasz local lemma for the edge model
In order to successfully apply the Lovasz local lemma, one needs the events to be relatively independent. This (sometimes) works well in the $G(n,p)$ model of random graphs, where the presence or ...
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A proper definition of connectivity for hypergraphs
For usual graphs on $n$ vertices, a edge-minimal connected graph is nothing but a spanning tree of this graph. It is well-known that any spanning tree has $n-1$ edges.
I would like to know whether ...
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Density of bipartite $d$-degenerate graph
A graph $G$ is $d$-degenerate if every subgraph of $G$ contains a vertex of degree at most $d$. It is known that an $n$-vertex $d$-degenerate graph has at most $d(n-1)$ edges. However, if we are given ...
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Maximum number of edges $f(n,k)$ in a graph on $n$ vertices with no $k$-core?
The $k$-core of a finite graph is defined as follows. Delete all vertices of degree $< k$ and repeat until there are no such vertices left. If there is a nonempty subgraph remaining, necessarily ...
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maximal sets of vertices that avoids a clique
I am looking for some known algorithm that finds, for a given graph, all the maximal sets of vertices that avoid a clique of some given size $k$. I'd prefer one written in MATLAB, but other languages ...
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What is the optimal upper bound of $|T_1|+|T_2|+|T_3|$ if $T_1, T_2, T_3$ are trees covering a planar graph
By a classical theorem of Nash-Williams, the edges of every connected $n$-vertex planar graph can be covered by three trees $T_1,T_2$ and $T_3$. Does anyone know of any results from an article or a ...
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Szemerédi's regularity lemma for binary operations
Szemerédi's regularity lemma is an approximate structure theorem for
all large graphs (symmetric binary relations). There are versions for
multicolored graphs and directed graphs. Is there an ...
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Is there a graph that is Ramsey for $P_{2n}$ but is $C_{2n+1}-$free
Write $F\to G$ to mean that for every two coloring of the edges of $F$, there exists a monochromatic copy of $G$. Nešetřil and Rödl proved that for every graph $G$, there exists a graph $F$ such that ...
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Topology of densest graphs whose optimal $3D$-matching can be calculated efficiently
let $A=\lbrace a_1,\,\dots,\,a_k\rbrace $ and $B=\lbrace b_1,\,\dots,\,b_{2k}\rbrace,\ A\cap B=\emptyset$ be be a partition of a graph's vertex set $V$, i.e. $V\,=\,A\cup B$.
Question:
has $G:=\...
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Graph with two edge-disjoint Hamiltonian paths between the same vertex-pair
Provided existence, what is the smallest graph $G(V,E)$ with two edge-disjoint Hamiltonian paths between $u$ and $v;\ \lbrace u,v\rbrace\subset V$?
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Largest number of simple paths between two vertices
Let $G$ be a simple undirected graph, $f(v, u)$ be the number of simple paths between $u$ and $v$ in $G$, $f(G) = \max f(v, u)$ over all pairs of vertices $v, u \in G$.
A recent IOI problem utilized ...
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Lower bound on outdegree/indegree in oriented graph to guarantee cycle of length at least $k$
An oriented graph is a digraph without any self-loops, multiple arcs, or 2-cycles. What is the smallest minimum outdegree of an oriented graph on $n$ vertices that ensures there will always be a cycle ...
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Making graphs isomorphic with edge additions/removals
Consider simple graphs on the same vertex set $[n]$. For two graphs $G, H$, let $d(G, H) = \min_{H' \sim H} |E(G) \triangle E(H')|$ — the smallest number of edge additions/removals needed to make $G$ ...
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Number of maximum matchings in bipartite graphs of positive surplus
Let $G$ be a simple bipartite graph with left part $L(G)$ and right part $R(G)$. For $S \subseteq L(G)$, denote $N(S)$ the set of neighbours of vertices of $S$. Define the surplus $s(G)$ as $\min_{S \...
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Expected value of the difference of the Hadwiger number and the chromatic number
If $G$ is a finite, simple, undirected graph, its Hadwiger number $\eta(G)$ is the maximum integer $n$ such that $K_n$ is a minor of $G$. Given any integer $k>0$ let $E_k$ be the expected value of ...
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(Weakly) connected sets with large (out-)boundary
Let $\Gamma=(V,E)$ be a connected undirected graph with n vertices such that every vertex has degree at least $4$. Now draw arrows on some of the edges, in such a way that the in-degree of every ...
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Counting the forests obtainable by removing subtrees from binary trees
Let $B_h$ be the perfect binary tree having height $h$ (i.e. the binary tree with height $h$ in which all interior nodes have two children and all leaves have the same depth or same level).
For any ...
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Existence of a subcover with large boundary
Let $\mathscr{C}$ be a cover of $\mathbf{N}=\{1,2,\dotsc,N\}$ by finite subsets $S\in \mathscr{C}$ with $2\leq |S|\leq K$, where we write $|S|$ for the number of elements of $S$. Assume no element of $...
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The maximum number of edges in an even-cycle-free graph with $n$ vertices
Problem
Given any positive integer $n$, what is the maximum number of edges in an even-cycle-free graph with $n$ vertices?
Is the above problem an unsolved problem in extremal graph theory? Are there ...
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Removal of non-isomorphic edges results in the same graph
There exists a (simple unlabeled) graph on 6 nodes with a pair of non-isomorphic edges (i.e., there is no graph automorphism that sends one edge into the other) such that removal of either of them ...
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Connected set of vertices having large boundary in a subset?
Let $\Gamma = (V,E)$ be a connected (undirected) graph where every vertex has degree $\geq 2$. Let $E'\supset E$ be a larger set of edges between elements of $V$ such that every vertex of $\Gamma'=(V,...
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Maximal number of smallest circuits in a matroid
It is known (see here for example) that, in a simple graph of odd genus $g$ with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, the number of cycles of lenght $g$ is at most $\frac{n(m-n+1)}{g}$.
Since this can be be ...
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Matching book embedding of Cartesian products of graphs
In the book embedding of a graph $G$ , each vertex of $G$ is placed on the spine and each edge is placed in the pages without crossing each other edge. If vertices have degree at most one in each ...
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Length minimizing graphs between a finite set of points
Consider a set of $n$ points in the plane. Among all the connected graphs (trees) $T$ in the plane that have these $n$ points among their vertices, I am looking to find one such that the sum of its ...
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Blocking directed paths on a DAG with a linear number of vertex defects
Let $G=(V,E)$ be a directed acyclic graph.
Define the set of all directed paths in $G$ by $\Gamma$.
Given a subset $W\subseteq V$, let
$\Gamma_W\subseteq \Gamma$ be the set of all paths in $\Gamma$ ...
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Matching book thickness of the wheel graph $W_n$
In the book embedding of a graph $G$ , each vertex of $G$ is placed on the spine and each edge is placed in the pages without crossing each other edge. If vertices have degree at most one in each ...
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Smallest triangle-free graph with chromatic number 5
The Grötzsch graph is triangle-free and has chromatic number 4. At 11 vertices it is the (unique) smallest graph with these properties.
What is the smallest number of vertices needed for a triangle-...
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Boundary differences in two graphs
Let $\Gamma, \Xi$ be two graphs with the same set of vertices $V$ with $n$ elements. Assume $\Gamma$ is connected. Write $\Gamma\cup \Xi$ (or $\Gamma\cap \Xi$) for the graph whose set of edges is the ...
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4-cycles vs eigenvalue information on quasi-random graphs
My (philosophical) question arises from reading the wonderful paper of Chung-Graham-Wilson where the authors introduces the notion of quasi-random graphs.
The main purpose of the paper is to show ...
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Does a connected $F_k$-free graph of order $n$ with the maximum singless Laplacian spectral radius belong to $Ex(n,F_k)$?
Let $G$ be a connected $F_k$-free graph of order $n$ with the maximum singless Laplacian spectral radius. Is $G\in Ex(n,F_k)$?
Here, $Ex(n,H)$ denotes the set of $H$-free graphs of order $n$ with $ex(...
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How many graphs of order n, maximum degree k, and maximum diameter d exist?
The total number of simple undirected graphs of order $n$ is
$\sum\limits_{i = 0}^{\frac{n(n-1)}{2}}{\binom{\frac{n(n-1)}{2}}{i}} = 2^{\frac{n(n-1)}{2}}$.
What is the number of simple undirected ...
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Expectation of Hadwiger number of a random graph
For any integer $n$, let ${\cal G}_n$ denote the set of simple, undirected graphs $G = (V, E)$ where $V = \{1,\ldots,n\}$. The Hadwiger number $\eta(G)$ of a finite graph $G$ is the maximum integer $m$...
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The maximal number of copies of a graph $T$ in an $H$-free graph
Problem. Let $T,H$ be fixed graphs with $H$ being a tree, not isomorphic to a subgraph of $T$. Let $ex(n,T,H)$ be the maximal number of copies of $T$ in an $H$-free graph on $n$ vertices. Is it always ...
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Blocking $a\to b\to c$ in a DAG with bounded degrees
(This is an (easy-looking) toy question for this one.)
Question. Find the smallest $\alpha$ satisfying the following:
Let $G=(V,E)$ be a finite directed acyclic graph, where each in- and out-degree ...
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Determine or estimate the number of maximal triangle-free graphs on $n$ vertices
Among the collections of the open problems of Paul Erdős on the website of
Professor Fan Chung, there is one called "number of triangle-free graphs".
http://www.math.ucsd.edu/~erdosproblems/erdos/...
user39815
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Bounds for number of edges of a graph, given girth and number of vertices
In reading a paper, I came across an affirmation
"a graph of girth $g$ and $q$ vertices has at most $q^{1+(O(1)/g)}$ edges"
In a previous question I asked in this site about it, I was reffered to a ...
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6-regular bipartite graphs with no 8-cycles
I'm looking for simple 6-regular bipartite graphs with no 8-cycles, as small as possible. It doesn't matter if there are 4-cycles or 6-cycles, provided there are no 8-cycles. Such graphs must exist ...
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The pagenumber of subdivision of a complete graph
A book embedding of a graph $G$ consists of placing the vertices of $G$ on a spine and assigning edges of the graph to pages so that edges in the same page do not cross each other. The book thickness $...
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Expected number of bridges in a random subgraph
I am researching connectivity in random subgraphs and have come across the following problem.
A bridge between two vertices $a$ and $b$ of a graph $G$ is an edge $e$ such that removing $e$ from $G$ ...
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A simple equality for book embedding of two graphs
A book embedding of a graph $G$ consists of placing the vertices of $G$ on a spine and assigning edges of the graph to pages so that edges in the same page do not cross each other. The page number is ...
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Embedding of planar graphs
I've recently come across the following lemma.
Lemma (Valiant): A planar graph $G$ with maximum degree $4$ can be embedded in the plane using $O(|V|)$ area in such a way that its vertices are at ...
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Combinatorial optimization for a sequential random process on graphs
Let $G(V, E)$ be a simple graph with $|V|=n$, and let $h$ be an integer in $[n]$.
We repeat $h$-many times the following operation in a sequential fashion, where the graph may change at each round. ...
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Number of trees with the same matching number
Let $\sigma(n,m)$ be the number of trees with $n$ vertices $\{ v_1, \dots, v_n \}$ such that the matching number (the size of a maximum matching) is $m$.
I have been trying to compute the value of $\...
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How many simple cycles can a graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges have?
I am mainly interested in the smallest number of simple cycles a graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges must have.
For example, if $m\le n-1$, this number is $0$, then if $n\le m \le 3(n-1)/2$, it is $...
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Extremal examples for a folklore lemma on subgraphs of large minimum degree
It's a well known fact that a graph $G$ of average degree $d$ has a subgraph $G'$ of minimum degree at least $d/2$ and that the constant $1/2$ cannot be improved. The proof I know, which proceeds by ...
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Can the vertices of a planar graph of min degree 3 be covered with edges of average weight ( sum of degrees) at most 14?
Consider a planar graph where every vertex is incident to at least 3 edges, and assign to each edge a weight equal to the sum of the degrees of its endpoints.
If not, what is the smallest n so that ...
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