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Riemann surfaces(Riemannian surfaces) is one dimensional complex manifold. For questions about classical examples in complex analysis, complex geometry, surface topology.

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Question in the proof of Hilbert's theorem

I'm researching about Hilbert's theorem which says that there isn't isometric immersion of a complete surface with constant negative Gaussian curvature in $\mathbb{R}^3$. I'm taking as a reference the ...
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Paths $tg_1+(1-t)g_0$ in the moduli space of Riemann surfaces

Suppose $S$ is a smooth compact oriented surface without boundary. Let $g_0$ and $g_1$ be two smooth Riemannian metrics on $S$. Consider the interpolating path of metrics $g_t=g_1t+g_0(1-t)$. Recall ...
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Index of the mapping class group $\Gamma_{g,n}$ inside $\text{Out}(\Pi_{g,n})$

Let $\Sigma_{g,n}$ denote an $n$-punctured surface of genus $g$, with $2g+n-2 > 0$. Let $\Pi_{g,n}$ be its fundamental group (for some choice of base point), and let $\Gamma_{g,n}$ denote its pure, ...
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Visualizing holomorphic differentials on a compact Riemann surface?

It is a classical result that the vector space of holomorphic differentials on a compact Riemann surface of genus $g$ has dimension $g$. I am wondering if there is a way of visualizing this wonderful ...
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Distance Metric on a Polytope

Primary Question: Is it possible to define a distance metric on a polytope (or permutohedron in particular)? I am aware that neither is a smooth, Riemannian manifold; however, computer scientists have ...
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References on Hyperbolic Geometry and Teichmuller Theory

I am asking a soft question here. I am learning hyperbolic geometry on my own. Recently, I have completed the book "Fuchsian Groups" by Svetlana Katok. Also, I have background in Lee's three ...
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References on Riemann surfaces

I have asked the question in MSE, but did not get an answer. I am asking a soft question here. I am interested in learning about Hyperbolic Geometry. I have read the book named "Fuchsian Groups&...
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1answer
192 views

Branched covers of the sphere branched over few points

Let $X$ be a compact Riemann surface of genus $g\geq 2$. By the Riemann-Roch theorem, $X$ is a branched cover of the sphere, branched over finitely many branched values. What is the smallest number of ...
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Expansion around a singular point of a multivalued meromorphic function (due to Riemann/Cauchy)

In Riemann's publication about Abelian functions 'Theorie der Abelschen Functionen' (Here the original paper in german) at the end of Chapter 4, part 2 is clamed that for every Riemann surface $T$ and ...
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The genus of the following algebraic curve(tetragonal curve)

$$\mathcal F(\lambda, y) = {y}^{4}- \left( 2 {\lambda}^{8}+{\lambda}^{4}+2 \right) {y}^{3}+ \left( 2 {\lambda}^{16}+4 {\lambda}^{14}+3 {\lambda}^{12} +4 {\lambda}^{2}+2 \right) {y}^{2} \\-4 {\...
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Uniformization of algebraic curves

Given an irreducible smooth complex-projective curve $X$, I will say that a subgroup $\Gamma< SL(2, {\mathbb R})$ weakly uniformizes $X$ if [corrected] there exists a nonconstant holomorphic map ...
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480 views

If $M\otimes_S T$ is an $A$-module, is $M$ an $A$-module?

Let $\mathbb{C}$ be the field of the complex numbers. Let $R=\mathbb{C}[x]$, $T=\mathbb{C}\langle x\rangle$ be the ring of entire series with convergence radius at least $1$, and let $S=\mathbb{C}\...
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The notion of a “relatively” flat connection

Suppose that $X$ is a connected smooth manifold and $\Gamma$ is a group acting smoothly, freely, properly and discretely on $X$, so that $Y=X/\Gamma$ is another smooth manifold endowed with a covering ...
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Is the composition of a finite branched cover and a non-isotrivial Riemann surface bundle still non-isotrivial

Given $E\to B$ a non-isotrivial (compact) Riemann surface-bundle (of genus $g>1$) between two complex manifolds and $E'\to E$ is a finite branched cover. Then is the composition map $E'\to E\to B$ ...
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How does one interpret the wetting area?

This may be a simple question, but I decided to post it here (not just on MSE) because it is very related to a research topic: capillary surfaces. Let $(M^3,g)$ be a Riemannian $3$-manifold with ...
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Flat connection of a degree zero line bundle on curve

The question is clear from the title. Suppose we have a line bundle on a compact smooth complex curve $X$, and a line bundle $\mathcal{L}=\mathcal{O}_X(p-q)$, where $p$ and $q$ are divisors, then what ...
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Can you cover a genus a billion hyperbolic surface with 15 balls?

Here's a question I was wondering about this week. Not sure how interesting it is, but I thought it was kind of curious. Question: Given $k$, is there a number $N=N(k)$ such that if a closed ...
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The image of a curve under the multiplication endomorphism of its Jacobian

Let $X$ be a complex smooth projective curve of genus $g\geq 2$. Embed $X$ in its Jacobian ${\rm{J}}(X)\cong{\rm{Div_0}}(X)/{\rm{Div_p}}(X)$ where ${\rm{Div_0}}(X)$ is the group of degree zero ...
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Two non constant meromorphic functions over a connected compact Riemann surface, could not be algebraically independent

Let $M$ be a connected compact Riemann surface. Let $f, g$ be two nonconstant meromorphic functions. Why is there a two-variable complex polynomial $F(x,y)$ that vanishes for $(x, y)=(f, g)$, (in ...
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Global analysis on punctured surfaces

Global analysis on open manifolds seems pretty hard. For one, the space of $C^{n,\alpha}$ functions on an open manifold need not be a tame Fréchet space (see the post Are smooth functions tame? for ...
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Dimension of global holomorphic sections of a line bundle

Let $K$ be the canonical line bundle of a compact Riemann surface $M$ of genus $g$. Consider the pull back of $K$ on $M \times M$ via projection on the first factor. What is the dimension of the space ...
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642 views

Explicit description of the group of deck transformations acting on the universal cover of a Riemann Surface

I am finding the explicit description of genus $2$ surface as the upper half plane modulo group of Deck Transformation. I did't find it anywhere. Also, I found a similar question here. But, there is ...
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Nakamura graphs and moduli space cellular decomposition

I have recently started studying the cell decomposition of moduli spaces. Among the papers I read, I studied this paper, but there is something I do not understand and I can't find the answer on my ...
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153 views

Why a Teichmuller map is not a pseudo-anosov?

Let $X$ be a riemannian surface. Suppose $f:X\to X$ is a Teihmuller map with respect to a quadratic differential $q$ on $X$. This means that, if $q=dz^2$ in local coordinates in a neighborhood of ...
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Equations defining hyperbolic geodesics in $\mathbb C \setminus\{0,1\}$

Let $X=\mathbb C\setminus\{0,1\}$, equipped with the hyperbolic structure it inherits from Klein's modular $\lambda$ function $\lambda:\mathbb H \to X$. In each (non-peripheral and nontrivial) free-...
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“Convergence” of bordered Riemann surfaces to a congruence surface

Let $\Gamma(N)$ be the principal congruence subgroup of level $N\geq 3$, $H$ the upper half-plane and $C(N)=H/\Gamma(N)$ be the corresponding Riemann surface. In his paper " Congruence Subgroups ...
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Well-definedness of marking a Riemann surface by diffeomorphisms in the context of Teichmüller spaces

In "An introduction to Teichmüler Theory" of Yoichi Imayoshi and Masahiko Taniguchi the Teichmüller space is defined as follows: fix a compact Riemann surface $R$ of genus $g$, a marking on ...
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Is this lattice in the Tate module of an elliptic curve, coming from complex-analytic uniformization, stable under Frobenius?

Let $E$ be an elliptic curve over $\mathbb{Q}$, and let $p$ and $\ell$ be two distinct primes of good reduction. Let $T_\ell = T_\ell(E) = \varprojlim E[\ell^n](\overline{\mathbb{Q}})$ be the $\ell$-...
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Real part of a holomorphic section of a vector bundle

Let $F\to M$ be a holomorphic vector bundle over a complex manifold $M$ and let $s:M\to F$ be a no-zero section. Let $E$ be the complexification of $F$, and suppose that $E$ admits a holomorphic ...
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Principal bundles over marked Riemann surface $\mathcal{M}_{g,h,r,s}$

Let $\mathcal{M}_{g,h,r,s}$ be a Riemann surface with genus $g$, $h$ boundary components, r interior marked points, and $s$ marked points on the boundary $\partial \mathcal{M} = \Sigma$. In the case ...
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1answer
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Representing relative homology classes orientable surfaces with boundary

Let $S$ be compact oriented surface without boundary. Then it is a classical result that a primitive class $\gamma \in H_1(S; \mathbb{Z})$ is always represented by a simple closed curve. It implies ...
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Cross-ratios of $4$ boundary points on a continuous family of disks in $\mathbb C^1$

Let $S^1=\mathbb R^1/\mathbb Z$. Consider a family $\varphi_t$ of pieceswise smooth injective maps $\varphi_t:S^1\to \mathbb C^1$ depending continuously on $t$. Then each curve $\varphi_t(S^1)$ is a ...
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Mittag-Leffler for non-compact Riemann surfaces

Quote from Grauert & Remmert's Theory of Stein spaces: 'Behnke and Stein showed in 1948 that the Mittag-Leffier Partial Fraction Theorem and the Weierstrass Product Theorem (i.e. the Cousin ...
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Are all mapping classes also Dehn twists?

Let $X$ be a Riemann surface and $\Gamma$ its (pure) Mapping Class Group, then $\Gamma$ is generated by Dehn twists along simple closed curves. Is \emph{any} element of the mapping class group also a ...
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Weil-Petersson metric with respect to covering

Let $S$ be a closed oriented surface of genus $g\geq 2$. Consider the Teichmuller space $T(S)$. Let $d_t$ be the Teichmuller metric and $d_{WP}$ be the Weil-Petersson metric on $T(S)$. Let $P:S_1\...
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Isomorphic Jacobians for different choices of basis of $1$-forms

In Otto Forster's Lectures on Riemann Surfaces on page 170 Jacobi Variety is defined in 21.6: Suppose $X$ is a compact Riemann surface of genus $g$ and $ \omega_1,..., \omega_g $ is a basis of $\Omega ...
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Periods of the harmonic conjugate and a Dirichlet problem on a multiply connected domain

Any harmonic function $u$ on a simply connected domain in $\mathbb{R}^2$ is the real part of a holomorphic function. If the domain is multiply connected, then this is no longer true: the harmonic ...
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Uniformization theorem with boundary in the non-compact case

Let $\Sigma$ be a simply connected (and therefore orientable) smooth $2$-manifold with non-empty and connected boundary. Suppose that the interior $\operatorname{int}(\Sigma)$ is endowed with a ...
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Elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic Riemann surfaces: classification?

In the book of Kra and Farkas on Riemann surfaces the following (slightly unusual) definition is given: Definition IV.3.2 (Section IV.3). Let $M$ be a Riemann surface. We will call $M$ elliptic if and ...
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191 views

Positive genus Fuchsian groups

Let $G$ be a lattice in $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$. Is it always true that there exists a finite index subgroup $F$ of $G$ such that the quotient surface $\mathbb{H}/F$ has positive genus? Is the statement ...
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GAGA for vector bundles over Riemann surfaces

Serre’s GAGA theorem gives an equivalence of categories between algebraic and analytic coherent sheaves over a complex projective variety. The proof relies on the finiteness of the cohomologies of ...
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Questions related to compact complex curves, symmetric products and linear independence

Let $X$ be a compact complex curve and let $L$ be a very ample line bundle over $X$. Denote by $C_n( X )$ the configuration space of $n$ (ordered) distinct points on $X$. Given distinct points $z_1$, ....
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570 views

Non-algebraic holomorphic maps between algebraic curves

Let $V$ be a connected smooth complex projective curve of negative Euler characteristic. Can there exist a connected smooth complex algebraic curve $U$ such that there is a non-constant holomorphic ...
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1answer
199 views

Non-isotrival fiber bundle over compact Riemann surface

In this paper, Kodaira constructed a fiber bundle $\Phi:M_{m,n}\to S$ from a compact complex surface $M_{m,n}$ to a compact Rieman surface $S$ of genus $>0$. In particular, (on p.212) for any point ...
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Systole of Riemann surfaces of genus $g$

In Buser and Sarnak's "On the period matrix of a Riemann surface of large genus", we get $$\frac4{3}\le\limsup_{g\rightarrow\infty}\frac{\max\{\operatorname{sys}(S)|S\in\mathcal{M}_g\}}{\log ...
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Meromorphic functions on a modular curves of genus $0$ that take each value exactly once

Let $\Gamma$ be a congruence subgroup of $\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb Z)$, and let $\mathfrak H$ be the upper half-plane. Let $X(\Gamma)$ be the compactification of $\Gamma\backslash\mathfrak H$. Then ...
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87 views

Opers and global differential operators

This is a follow up question to a previous question of mine and my thought of answer to it. Given a (compact) Riemann surface $\Sigma$, a $SL(n,\mathbb{C})$-oper is a rank $n$ holomorphic vector ...
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Counting simple closed curves

I'm currently trying to understand how to count simple closed curves. I've been reading Alex Wright's survey (https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.01753.pdf). However, I don't feel like I'm getting the big ...
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72 views

Small pants in arithmetic hyperbolic surfaces of high degree

Does the following statement hold: Statement: For any $\epsilon > 0$, there exist a number field $k$ of degree $d_{\epsilon}$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ and an arithmetic hyperbolic surface  $\Gamma$ ...
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43 views

Difference of two functions with constant mean curvature

Define the set $\Omega := (-\epsilon,\epsilon) \times (-1,1)^{n-1}$, and define $\Gamma := \{-\epsilon,\epsilon\} \times (-1,1)^{n-1} \subset \partial \Omega$. Suppose I have two functions $u,v \in C^...

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