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Special functions, orthogonal polynomials, harmonic analysis, ordinary differential equations (ODE's), differential relations, calculus of variations, approximations, expansions, asymptotics.

7 votes

Freshman's definition of sin(x)?

When I was first taught analysis, I do remember things being in a slightly strange order. What annoyed me most was how we were expected to do an exercise involving say, the sine function before we had …
Spencer's user avatar
  • 1,771
2 votes

Proving theorems by using functions with fixed points.

I am familiar with a good example from the theory of 2nd order elliptic PDE. Technicalities omitted... A special case of the Leray-Schauder Theorem says the following: Let $T$ be a compact mapping o …
8 votes

Applications of Rademacher's Theorem

The application I am most familiar with is that it is used in the proof of the following result: Suppose $f : \mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}$ is Lipschitz. For any $\epsilon > 0$, there exists a $C^1$ f …
Spencer's user avatar
  • 1,771
6 votes
Accepted

Is the derivative of a Lipschitz function better than L^\infty

Lipschitz functions are exactly $W^{1,\infty}$ (See 'Sobolev space' on wikipedia - under other examples and perhaps the bit about absolute continuity on lines). This means the short answer to your que …
Spencer's user avatar
  • 1,771
21 votes
3 answers
6k views

Why pi-systems and Dynkin/lambda systems? On the relative merits of approaches in measure th...

What is the point of $\pi$-systems and $\mathcal{D}$ / Dynkin / $\lambda$-systems? I am an analyst in the process of consolidating my measure theory knowledge before moving on to harder/newe …
Spencer's user avatar
  • 1,771
4 votes
2 answers
2k views

Inclusions of $C^{k,\alpha}$ spaces

When is $C^{k,\alpha}(\bar{\Omega})$ a subset of $C^{k',\alpha'}(\bar{\Omega})$? Gilbarg and Trudinger says that "for the domains of interest in this work the inclusion will hold whenever $k …
Spencer's user avatar
  • 1,771
7 votes
4 answers
6k views

The characteristic (indicator) function of a set is not in the Sobolev space H¹

Is it true that the characteristic (indicator) function of a subset of Euclidean space with finite positive measure is never in the Sobolev space $H^1 = W^{1,2}$? And if so, what is the best/easiest/ …
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  • 1,771
12 votes

Taking "Zooming in on a point of a graph" seriously

As Rbega says in the comments, if you are really keen to see this rescaling idea put to use in a more rigorous or advanced way, then you can look at some Geometric Measure Theory. While it will look v …
Spencer's user avatar
  • 1,771
5 votes
1 answer
135 views

Reference for higher order Campanato Lemmas, e.g. `Sufficiently fast L^2 decay on balls to a...

Whence can I reference the following fact (I have seen it quoted as `standard' in respectable places, so I hope it is so)?: Let $f : B_2(0) \to \mathbb{R}$, say $f \in L^2(B_2(0))$ . Suppose that the …
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  • 1,771
11 votes

Learning roadmap for harmonic analysis

To my mind, the classical subject is quite different from the modern, evolved form of the subject I started on the classical side with Yitzhak Katznelson's An Introduction to Harmonic Analysis: This …
13 votes

Why should one still teach Riemann integration?

Although not a direct answer to the question, this may be relevant to the discussion: I learnt basic measure theory and the theory of Lebesgue integration in a course called "Probability and Measure" …