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Questions where prime numbers play a key-role, such as: questions on the distribution of prime numbers (twin primes, gaps between primes, Hardy–Littlewood conjectures, etc); questions on prime numbers with special properties (Wieferich prime, Wolstenholme prime, etc.). This tag is often used as a specialized tag in combination with the top-level tag nt.number-theory and (if applicable) analytic-number-theory.

10 votes

Can anything deep be said uniformly about conjectures like Goldbach's?

There exist surprising counterexamples. Elsholtz and Dietmann found the following: If $p\equiv 7\pmod{8}$ is prime, then the equation $x^2+y^2+z^4=p^2$ has no non-trivial solution. You might argue tha …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
2 votes
Accepted

Density of integers with a large rough divisor

If $a/b$ is not too large, you can compute the probability using arguments as in the computation leading to the asymptotics for smooth numbers. In theory, you can compute for all $\beta, \gamma$ a rea …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
3 votes

Goldbach's conjecture for the Liouville function

In "The equation $\omega(n)=\omega(n+1)$" (Mathematika 50, 99-101, 2003) it was shown that the equation $\omega(n)=\omega(n+1)$ has infinitely many solutions. Pintz has a series of results on consecut …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
1 vote

Spacing of fractions with prime denominator

Wolke (On the large sieve with primes, Acta Math. Acad. Sci. Hungar. 22 (1971/72), 239–247, MathSciNet MR0291121 (45 #215)) has worked on this question. His motivation was Gallagher's approach to the …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
1 vote

Writing integers as determinants of matrices with prime entries.

Goldston, Graham Pintz and Yildirim ( https://arxiv.org/abs/0803.2636 ) showed that among three linear forms $\ell_1, \ell_2, \ell_3$, which satisfy the obvious local conditions, there are two, say $\ …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
5 votes
Accepted

Specializing non-trivial primality tests

Checking whether an integer $n$ has a divisor in a given interval is essentially equivalent to factorization. Factoring is essentially equivalent to finding the smallest prime factor. So suppose that …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
3 votes

Best provable and unconditional lower and upper bounds for Brun's constant

The best known bounds seem to be due to Nicely [``A new error analysis for Brun's constant,'' Virginia J. Sci. 52 (2001), no. 1, 45–55), who showed that Brun's constant is $$ 1.9021605823 \pm 0.000000 …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
14 votes

Understanding Vaughan's Identity

The analytic version of Vaughan's identity is $$ \frac{\zeta'}{\zeta} = F+\zeta'G-FG\zeta + \left(\frac{\zeta'}{\zeta}-F\right)(1-\zeta G). $$ Here the last factor to the right is the most complicated …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
4 votes

Shifted primes avoiding a set of divisors

No, $\delta_y$ need not tend to 0. Take a rapidly increasing sequence of integers $y_n$. Then define the set $B$ as $\{p-1|\exists n: y_n\leq p\leq 2y_n\}$. Then we have \begin{eqnarray*} \delta_{y_n} …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
8 votes

Primality test for $2p+1$

The if-part is a special case of Pocklingtons theorem (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocklington_primality_test ). The only if part requires some computation, as you need a quadratic non-reside mo …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
4 votes
Accepted

Numbers related to the Riemann hypothesis

Proving such results falls into three parts. First you take an effective version of the prime number theorem, which implies all your desired bound for sufficient. Second you write a computer program ( …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
10 votes

Does the Prime Number Theorem have anything to do with Erdos-Kac law or vice versa?

The right context of your question is probably the area of Beurling primes. An arithmetic semigroup is a semigroup $(G,\cdot)$ together with a norm $\|\cdot\|:G\rightarrow[1,\infty)$, such that $\|gh\ …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
2 votes

A sieve with two parameters

Such a sieve could only exist under rather special conditions. The easiest case would be $\Omega_p=\{0\}$, $z=\sqrt{x}$. In this case the sifted set consists of all integers of the form $pn\leq x$, wh …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
1 vote

Estimating $\sum_{p_1\cdots p_k\leq n} \frac{1}{p_1\cdots p_k}$ for various $k$

Define the function $F^*(n)=\underset{p_1\dots p_k\leq n}{\sum_{p_, \ldots, p_k}}\frac{1}{p_1\dots p_k}$. Then we have for each fixed $k$ the asymptotics $F_k^*(n)\sim(\log\log n)^k$. To see this note …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
7 votes
Accepted

Two equivalent statements about primes

Statement a) is true for all $N$. This follows from the fact that the number of even integers which cannot be expressed as the sum of 2 primes is small. The best result in this direction is due to Pin …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar

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