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Prime numbers, diophantine equations, diophantine approximations, analytic or algebraic number theory, arithmetic geometry, Galois theory, transcendental number theory, continued fractions

2 votes
Accepted

The maximum difference between the number of elements in the two sets of equal length of con...

No. There are various results which give counterexamples. For example, Rankin's construction of large prime gaps boils down to the fact that if $p_1, \ldots, p_k$ denote all prime numbers below $x$, …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
10 votes

Can anything deep be said uniformly about conjectures like Goldbach's?

There exist surprising counterexamples. Elsholtz and Dietmann found the following: If $p\equiv 7\pmod{8}$ is prime, then the equation $x^2+y^2+z^4=p^2$ has no non-trivial solution. You might argue tha …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
4 votes
Accepted

Divergence of a series related to Schinzel's hypothesis H

In the 1960's Turán wrote several papers on a function-theoretic sieve. He managed to express the number of prime twins in terms of roots of $L$-series. He began like you did by expressing $\Lambda$ a …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
5 votes

Analogues of the Riemann zeta function that are more computationally tractable?

Let $p_k$ be the $k$-th prime number, and pick a sequence of primes $q_k$, such that $q_k\sim p_k^{3/2}$. Let $G$ be the arithmetic semigroup consisting of all integers not divisible by one of the $q_ …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
2 votes
Accepted

Density of integers with a large rough divisor

If $a/b$ is not too large, you can compute the probability using arguments as in the computation leading to the asymptotics for smooth numbers. In theory, you can compute for all $\beta, \gamma$ a rea …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
3 votes

Goldbach's conjecture for the Liouville function

In "The equation $\omega(n)=\omega(n+1)$" (Mathematika 50, 99-101, 2003) it was shown that the equation $\omega(n)=\omega(n+1)$ has infinitely many solutions. Pintz has a series of results on consecut …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
1 vote

Spacing of fractions with prime denominator

Wolke (On the large sieve with primes, Acta Math. Acad. Sci. Hungar. 22 (1971/72), 239–247, MathSciNet MR0291121 (45 #215)) has worked on this question. His motivation was Gallagher's approach to the …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
11 votes

Lower bound for the fractional part of $(4/3)^n$

A non-trivial lower bound can be obtained using linear forms in $p$-adic logarithms. Suppose that $\left\{\left(\frac{4}{3}\right)^n\right\}$ is small. Clearly it is a rational number with denominator …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
1 vote

Writing integers as determinants of matrices with prime entries.

Goldston, Graham Pintz and Yildirim ( https://arxiv.org/abs/0803.2636 ) showed that among three linear forms $\ell_1, \ell_2, \ell_3$, which satisfy the obvious local conditions, there are two, say $\ …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
2 votes
Accepted

Is there some estimate numbers of the tuples come from Mobius function?

Studying the distribution of patterns of the Moebius function falls into an easy part, which deals with the distribution of zeroes, and a difficult part, which deals with the distribution of signs. Th …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
290 views

Reference Request: Waring's problem for different polynomials

I am looking for a reference for the following statement: For every integer $d$, there exist an integer $k$, such that for all polynomials $P_1, \ldots, P_k$ of degree $d$ there exist integers $N, q, …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
5 votes
Accepted

Specializing non-trivial primality tests

Checking whether an integer $n$ has a divisor in a given interval is essentially equivalent to factorization. Factoring is essentially equivalent to finding the smallest prime factor. So suppose that …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
10 votes
Accepted

On the Upper Density of $C_2$ in finite groups

Pyber showed that the number of groups of order $n$ is $\leq n^{\frac{2}{27}\nu(n)^3+C\nu(n)^{3/2}}$, where $\nu$ is the highest power of a prime dividing $n$ and $C$ is an absolute constant. On the o …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
4 votes

On an observation which relates to the exponential sum $\sum_{n=1}^{[\sqrt{t/2\pi}]} n^{-\fr...

The assertion is generally believed to be true. In fact, much more is conjectured: For every $\epsilon>0$ we have $\left|\zeta(\frac{1}{2}+it)-\sum_{n\leq t^\epsilon} n^{-\frac{1}{2}-it}\right|= \math …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar
84 votes

Feit-Thompson conjecture

It is not true anymore that a proof of this conjecture would lead to significant simplifications. Peterfalvi proved in 1984 a weaker version of this conjecture, which suffices to get rid of the chapte …
Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's user avatar

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