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Define the Pythagorean Graph as having nodes $a,b\in \mathbb{N}_{\ge 3}$ and an edge $a\rightarrow b$ if and only if $a^2+b^2$ is a square. After much searching I found the example in the picture, pro …

If the Collatz conjecture is strongly false, in the sense that there is an infinite orbit, let $S_n$ be the set of natural numbers $\le n$ whose orbit goes to infinity. If $c=\liminf _{n\rightarrow\in …

Rephrasing in part some of the previous comments and answers, my take is that historically roots, like powers, were seen not as "functions" in the modern sense, but as natural "operations" extending t …

Can one color the positive integers with finitely many colors, so that no two different numbers of the same color add to a square? Some easy to prove remarks: at least 4 colors are needed, since the …

It seems that $$\lim_{x\to\infty}\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}\frac{x}{n^2+x^2}=\pi.$$ But I can't prove it. I cannot prove that the function is decreasing in $x$ either.

Define $\text{rad}_{23}(2^m3^nr)=2^{\text{sign}(m)}3^{\text{sign}(n)}r$, where $m,n\ge0$ and $2,3\nmid r\in\mathbb{N}$. For a triple $a+b=c$ define the quality $q_{23}(a,b,c)=\frac{\log(c)}{\log(\tex …

This is not a full answer, but a pair of soft arguments suggesting that $A$ is dense in $[0, +\infty)$. First Argument Given any triple $(a,b,c)$, let $\displaystyle r(a,b,c)=\frac{c}{\text{rad}(abc) …

Here is a completely elementary proof, inspired by Pasten's comments. Let $P(n)=an^2+bn+c$. Take $n=a^5x^4+2a^3(ab+2a+1)x^3+a(2a^3c+a^2b^2+6a^2b+3ab+6a^2+5a+1)x^2+(ab+2a+1)(2a^2c+2ab+b+2a+1)x+a^3c^2+2 …

Define a set of numbers with small radicals (A341645 in OEIS) by $$A_2=\{n\in\mathbb{N} \;|\; \text{rad}(n)^2\le n\}$$ The asymptotic density of $A_2\cap \{1,\dots N\}$ is $\sqrt{N}\times e^{2(1+o(1)) …

Denoting by $p_i$ the $i$-th prime, is it known that $\displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^\infty \frac{1}{p_{i+1}^2-p_i^2}$ converges? Can one compute a few digits based on euristic considerations or plausible c …

$u_n=s_na + t_nb + s_{n+1}c$ satisfies the same recurrence relation as $s_n$ and $t_n$: $u_n = u_{n-1} +2u_{n-2} + 4u_{n-3}$. The question is whether $2^{n+1}\mid u_n$. Since $v_n=u_n/2^{n+1}$ satisfi …

If $\{p_i\}$ is the sequence of all primes, is it possible that there exist a non constant $P\in \mathbb{Z}[x_1,\dots x_n]$ such that $P(p_i,p_{i+1},\dots p_{i+n-1})$ is bounded in $i$? More precisely …

Let $A=\{mn(m+n)\mid n,m\in \mathbb{N}_0\}$. Sorted, this is OEIS sequence A088915. What is its asymptotic behavior? It seems approximately $a(n)=O(n^{1.5})$, but not quite. I'm actually even more in …

Not an answer - but I decided to delete a prior comment and repost as an answer, because I think it puts the 2-4-6-8 conjecture in a different light than considered so far, hopefully leading to some o …

Define the size, possibly $\infty$, of a set $S\subseteq \mathbb{N}$ as $|S|=\sum\limits_{n\in S} \frac{1}{n}$. Then the Erdős-Turan conjecture states that if $|S|=\infty$, S must contain arbitrarily …