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Define a set of numbers with small radicals (A341645 in OEIS) by $$A_2=\{n\in\mathbb{N} \;|\; \text{rad}(n)^2\le n\}$$

The asymptotic density of $A_2\cap \{1,\dots N\}$ is $\sqrt{N}\times e^{2(1+o(1))\sqrt{\log N / \log \log N}}$, as per Lucia's answer here.

  1. Main question: does the sumset $A=A_2+A_2$ contain all sufficiently large integers? In other words, is $\mathbb{N}\setminus A$ finite?

The number of misses is initially large but becomes sparse very rapidly. I didn't find any after $86931723$, up to $10^9$. $A$ is not in OEIS (its complement is strictly a subset of A085253 there).

Other questions:

  1. for any prime $p$, do the elements not divisible by $p$ have relative asymptotic density $0$ in $A_2$?

  2. Computing (up to $10^9$) the subset $B\subset A$ of sums of coprime pairs in $A_2$, points to the misses thinning out very slowly (still above $13\%$ near $10^9$). Are there euristic arguments for or against $\mathbb{N}\setminus B$ being finite?

Is anything else known, or worth asking, about $A_2$, $A$ and $B$?

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    $\begingroup$ Definitely $A_2+A_2+A_2$ contains all sufficiently large numbers, since all large enough numbers are a sum of three powerful numbers. Wikipedia attributes this result to Heath-Brown. They also mention all integers are differences of powerful numbers, so $A_2-A_2=\mathbb Z$. $\endgroup$
    – Wojowu
    Commented Jun 10, 2021 at 22:39

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