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Algebraic and geometric theory of quadratic forms and symmetric bilinear forms, e.g., values attained by quadratic forms, isotropic subspaces, the Witt ring, invariants of quadratic forms, the discriminant and Clifford algebra of a quadratic form, Pfister forms, automorphisms of quadratic forms.

16 votes
Accepted

Positive primes represented by indefinite binary quadratic form

Class field theory promises such a polynomial (more properly, such a number field $H$, since a polynomial generating $H$ might have to err on the first few primes, though in our case it turns out ther …
Noam D. Elkies's user avatar
11 votes
Accepted

minimizing an integral over integer-coefficient polynomials $\displaystyle \inf_{f \in \math...

Thanks to BigM for the link to Ofir's MO Question 121913, which cites a 120-year-old paper of Hilbert for the result that the integral can get arbitrarily small as long as $b-a < 4$: D. Hilbert: E …
Noam D. Elkies's user avatar
5 votes
Accepted

The density of diagonal isotropic ternary quadratic forms with respect to discriminant

The density must be zero: for each prime $p$, the probability that $q$ is not $p$-adically isotropic is $3/2p + O(1/p^2)$ (when one of $a,b,c$ is a multiple of $p$, and the product of the other two …
Noam D. Elkies's user avatar
16 votes
Accepted

How many solutions are there to $\sum_{i=1}^3 x_i^2+x_iy_i+y_i^2=k$?

The formula that emiliocba seeks seems to be as follows. Let $\chi$ be the Dirichlet character mod $3$. For $k>0$ write $k = 3^e n$ with $n \equiv \pm 1 \bmod 3$. Then the number of representations …
Noam D. Elkies's user avatar
3 votes
Accepted

2-dimensional sublattices with all vectors having very big square (in absolute value)

For the record: OP Misha Verbitsky writes that "[$\Lambda$ of] rank $\geq 6$ or $\geq 7$ is a usual assumption in these kind of applications", in which case Ekaterina Amerik's suggestion of using $N\ …
Noam D. Elkies's user avatar
8 votes
Accepted

What's in the genus of the cubic lattice?

[edited mostly to add information about $n > 9$] David Treumann's guess is correct: ${\bf Z}^n$ is unique in its genus iff $n \leq 8$, and for $n = 9$ the genus consists of only ${\bf Z}^9$ and ${\bf …
Noam D. Elkies's user avatar
4 votes
Accepted

Stabilizers of pairs of ternary quadratic forms

It's actually order 8 for no real zeroes and order 4 for two real zeroes, not the other way around. (See the bottom of page 1038 of the paper.) The symmetry groups are taken modulo $\{ \pm 1 \}$, s …
Noam D. Elkies's user avatar
1 vote

Applications of isotropic quadratic forms

One standard construction of $L^2$ is to start from a space of square-integrable functions, which is only positive semidefinite (and thus contains many isotropic vectors), and form the quotient by the …
3 votes

Reflections on affine quadric hypersurfaces

Not necessarily, not even if $f$ is negative definite: then $X$ is a Euclidean root system with all norms equal, and $R$ is its Weyl group, which is transitive iff the root system is irreducible. The …
Noam D. Elkies's user avatar
3 votes
Accepted

Are these powers of a characteristic 3 power series annihilated by certain Hecke operators?

Yes, and $D \equiv \eta(2z)^{12}$ certainly helps: it means $$ D^{(1+3^m)/4} \equiv \eta(2z)^{3+3^{m+1}} \equiv \eta(6z) \, \eta(2\cdot 3^{m+1}z). $$ Now $\eta = \sum_a \chi(a) q^{a^2/24}$ where $a$ r …
Noam D. Elkies's user avatar
5 votes

Root systems and sums of squares

Just saw this thanks to a "Related" link from Question 154928. Yes, it is known that the $E_6$ form cannot be written as a sum of integral squares, and thus (by specialization) that the same is true o …
Noam D. Elkies's user avatar
8 votes
Accepted

Is the square of the covering radius of an integral lattice/quadratic form always rational?

Yes, the square $R^2$ of the covering radius is always rational; and in small dimensions its denominator is always a factor of $2^{n+1} \Delta$ where $\Delta$ is the lattice discriminant, but possibly …
Noam D. Elkies's user avatar