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Cramer's decomposition theorem states that if $X$ and $Y$ are independent real random variables and $X+Y$ has normal distribution, then both $X$ and $Y$ are normally distributed. I've seen a few proof …

I recently read the following "open problem" titled "Pennies on a carpet" in "An Introduction To Probability and Random Processes" by Baclawski and Rota (page viii of book, page 10 of following pdf) …

Bochner's theorem states that a positive definite function is the Fourier transform of a finite Borel measure. As well, an easy converse of this is that a Fourier transform must be positive definite. …

In the paper by Greene, Nijenhuis and Wilf, an algorithm is proposed for generating uniformly random Young tableaux of shape $\lambda$. The algorithm is to uniformly randomly pick a starting cell, and …

Consider a Markov chain on $\mathbb{Z}^d$ with transition kernel $P$ for adjacent vertices (non-diagonal). Essentially this is a $d$ dimensional random walk with the probability of a transition depend …

Wigner's semicircle distribution is: $$f(x)=\frac{1}{2 \pi}\sqrt{4-x^2}, \ \ -2\leq x\leq 2.$$ Under reasonable conditions, the rescaled eigenvalue density of random symmetric matrices $M_n$ follows …

While doing laundry at my local laundromat, I saw a coin pusher game. Below is a picture, and here is a video depicting how it works (disregard non-coins). Essentially, one has a distribution of coin …

Let $(X_1,X_2,\ldots)$ be a sequence of i.i.d. random variables. It is known that if these random variables are distributed uniformly on the unit interval, then applying the RSK algorithm to this sequ …

Take a simple random walk $\gamma$ in the complex plane conditioned to start at point $a$ and end at point $b$. For this random walk, we can define the winding number $W_\gamma(a,b)$ around $b$ in the …

Let $\mathbb{Z}^d$ be the usual $d$-dimensional lattice and let $\mathbb{H}:=\mathbb{Z}^{d-1}\times Z_+$, where $Z_+:=[0,1,2,\ldots]$. If we now consider bond percolation on $\mathbb{H}$, it is a wel …

Let $c(n)$ be the number of Self avoiding walks (SAW) of length $n$ on an infinite lattice $L$. Are there any known non-geometric interpretations of $c(n)$?. For example, is there a number theoretic v …

Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a sigma algebra over $\Omega$ and $M$ the set of all probability measures on $\mathcal{F}$. Let $\mathcal{C}$ be some collection of pairs $(A,B)$ with $ \ A,B\in\mathcal{F}$. Now …

Let $D$ be the set of all Dyck paths on square grid of size $n\times n$. For any particular Dyck path, let $S(t)=X_1+X_2+\ldots +X_t$ store the path, where $X_i=\pm 1$. Being a Dyck path, we have $S(0 …

Fix a partition $\lambda$. A weak reverse plane partition of shape $\lambda$ is a filling $0\leq \pi_{ij}$ of $\lambda$ with $\pi_{ij}\leq \pi_{kl}$ whenever $i\leq k$ or $j\leq l$. Note that $\pi_{ij …

This question is somewhat related to this one. Loosely speaking, when should I expect a GOE/GUE distribution? The angle of my approach to this is not through statements such as "there is a natural inv …