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Topology of cell complexes and manifolds, classification of manifolds (e.g. smoothing, surgery), low dimensional topology (e.g. knot theory, invariants of 4-manifolds), embedding theory, combinatorial and PL topology, geometric group theory, infinite dimensional topology (e.g. Hilbert cube manifolds, theory of retracts).

42 votes
Accepted

Kirby calculus and local moves

There is a finite set of local moves. For instance, these: (source: unipi.it) In the second row, the number of encircled vertical strands is $n\leqslant 3$ on the left and $n\leqslant 2$ on the right …
Bruno Martelli's user avatar
21 votes

Applications of knot theory

If you manage to convince your students that smooth manifolds are among the most beautiful and interesting objects in mathematics, expecially dimensions 3 and 4 that model our universe, then you can s …
20 votes

fundamental group and complete invariant of irreducible 3-manifolds

Perelman has proved Thurston's geometrization conjecture, which says that every irreducible 3-manifold decomposes along its canonical decomposition along tori into pieces, each admitting a geometric s …
Bruno Martelli's user avatar
19 votes

Does there exist a closed manifold that can be given both a Euclidean and a Hyperbolic struc...

This is impossible. By Bieberbach's Theorem a flat closed $n$-manifold $M$ has a finite cover which is a flat $n$-torus. This implies that $M$ contains a (finite-index) subgroup isomorphic to $\mathbb …
Bruno Martelli's user avatar
18 votes

Can knot diagrams be monotonically simplified using under moves?

This is just a comment. The same week (!) when Dylan asked this question, we received at our department a message from a non-professional mathematician who wrote a computer program that tries to simpl …
Bruno Martelli's user avatar
15 votes
Accepted

Can we embed a closed manifold into a homotopy equivalent CW complex?

Pick a torus, and add two discs along a meridian and a longitude. You get a 2-complex homotopic to a sphere that does not contain a sphere. This generalises easily to any genus by picking a genus-$g$ …
Bruno Martelli's user avatar
15 votes
Accepted

Topological characterisation for a (closed irreducible) hyperbolic 3-manifold

A clear statement is the following: A compact 3-manifold $M$ is hyperbolic if and only if it has infinite fundamental group and does not contain any essential surface with $\chi \geqslant 0$. Yo …
Bruno Martelli's user avatar
14 votes

In knot theory: Benefits of working in $S^3$ instead of $\mathbb{R}^3$?

One may freely pass from $S^3$ to $\mathbb R^3$ just by adding/removing a point; however $S^3$ is nicer when using 3-dimensional topology techniques, in particular geometrization. For instance, the co …
Bruno Martelli's user avatar
14 votes

Examples of acylindrical 3-manifolds

You are looking for compact 3-manifolds that admit a hyperbolic metric with geodesic boundary equivalently compact 3-manifolds that do not contain any essential surface with $\chi \geq 0$ …
Bruno Martelli's user avatar
13 votes

Is the topological concept of collapsible useful?

There is a simple reason for appreciating collapsible objects: a collapsible (PL) n-manifold is always (PL) homeomorphic to a disc! (Although a contractible one may not, for instance in dimension 4.) …
Bruno Martelli's user avatar
13 votes

Is every real n-manifold isomorphic to a quotient of $\mathbb{R}^n$?

Every closed (that is, compact without boundary) smooth connected manifold $M$ is a quotient of some $\mathbb R^n$. Put on $M$ an arbitrary riemannian metric. A metric on a compact manifold is necessa …
Bruno Martelli's user avatar
13 votes

Is there a way to classify incompressible surfaces in $\Sigma \times [0,1]$ ?

It is a difficult problem and as far as I know there is no general answer. Topologists usually look for incompressible and $\partial$-incompressible surfaces, and in that case there are only horizon …
Bruno Martelli's user avatar
12 votes
Accepted

Impossibility of realizing codimension 1 homology classes by embedded non-orientable hypersu...

If $[\Sigma]\in H_{n}(M,\mathbb Z)$ is primitive, its image $[\Sigma] \in H_{n}(M,\mathbb Z/2\mathbb Z)$ can always be represented by a non-orientable manifold! Since it is primitive, we may suppose …
Bruno Martelli's user avatar
11 votes
Accepted

What constant ensures hyperbolicity of Dehn surgery?

Given a hyperbolic link $L$, Thurston's Dehn filling theorem says that there is a finite set of "bad slopes" on each component of $L$ such that every filling avoiding them is hyperbolic. A slope is ju …
Bruno Martelli's user avatar
11 votes

Hyperbolic Brunnian links and rectangular cusp shapes

The rectangular shapes that you find are probably due to the particular symmetries these links have. When there is a symmetry that fixes a component $C$ of a link which fixes both the meridian and the …
Bruno Martelli's user avatar

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