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Questions designed to generate a "big list" of certain results, examples, conjectures, etc. via many individual answers, each contributing one or a few instances. Such a question should typically be in Community Wiki mode (CW); after asking, please, flag for moderators attention requesting the question to be made CW.

3 votes

Fundamental theorems

To add to the Gowers examples: the fundamental theorem on finitely-generated abelian groups. It seems at least a mildly interesting linguistic point. German discriminates between Hauptsatz and Fundame …
6 votes

If you went into a coma now and woke in twenty years time what would be your first post on MO?

Can't decide between "update me on the Millennium Problems" and "Is Wikipedia still there?"
5 votes

Mathematics for ebook readers

It is not perhaps generally known that Wikipedia has a book creator, than can export any compilation of articles as PDFs. It is there on the left-hand sidebar: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?tit …
6 votes

Consolidation: Aftermathematics of fads

One thing that comes directly to mind is the calculus of variations, in the classical sense, where the point is to get rigorous results by mathematical analysis. Now, there are probably several typi …
11 votes

Statements reliant on conjectures

The standard conjectures (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_conjectures_on_algebraic_cycles) were pretty much designed to be used in this way (and then proved); but proofs are lacking, and some of …
12 votes

Approaches to Riemann hypothesis using methods outside number theory

I think, tautologously, any method proving the Riemann Hypothesis (or even seriously improving our knowledge on the zeroes) becomes "number theory" immediately. That said, I know what the question mea …
Charles Matthews's user avatar
2 votes

Looking for a mathematically rigorous introduction to game theory

I would look for introductions to combinatorial game theory by Elwyn Berlekamp alone. Not that the mathematics is any different from other treatments, but it probably stands clearer of the "recreation …
13 votes

What is your favorite isomorphism?

I nominate the Chinese Remainder Theorem, in the form of an isomorphism of a ring of residues with a cartesian product ring. This isn't "profound" mathematics, but simply unpacking it (with constructi …
24 votes

What elementary problems can you solve with schemes?

The "classical" example is surely duality of abelian varieties. If you want this duality to work over finite fields (or in characteristic p generally), it becomes apparent that you can't work with var …
4 votes

What would be good to know before starting my undergraduate studies to become a good mathema...

The answers surely depend on what kind of mathematics course, and where (you give no clues at all). But here's one traditional point: make sure you are absolutely solid on the difference between neces …
10 votes

Why are modular forms interesting?

Bryan Birch's view is that they form a bottomless area for research problems. All answers to the question fall into two types: showing examples of why this is true, and asking why it should be true. G …
17 votes

When have we lost a body of mathematics because errors were found?

I feel the answer is obviously "yes", and indeed that much of 19th century mathematics was lost, in a serious sense, for much of the 20th century. I was struck recently by discovering that Henry Fox T …
4 votes

The resolution of which conjecture/problem would advance Mathematics the most?

I conjecture the question to be premature ... I would nominate the Riemann Hypothesis, since it is clear that something occurs that we fundamentally don't understand. But folding other things in with …
4 votes

Can a mathematical definition be wrong?

If a definition can be tentative, it can also be wrong. Lakatos has been mentioned already. This is actually a fairly basic issue in understanding how "formal" mathematics advances. Something as funda …