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From The Fabulous Fibonacci Numbers by A.S. Posamentier and I. Lehmann (Prometheus Books, New York (2007), pp. 17-18): Leonardo Pisano - or Leonardo of Pisa, Fibonacci - his name as recorded in hi …

According to these pages, the earliest known appearance of the term pole might be in "Théorie des fonctions elliptiques" (1875, p. 15) by Briot and Bouquet: Lorsqu'une fonction $u$ est holomorph …

L.P. Eisenhart claims in his Riemannian Geometry (Princeton University Press, 1926, p. 82) that Bianchi was the first who discovered the algebraic identity in 1902. It is also indicated in Italian Ma …

Urysohn's example of a countable connected Hausdorff space with a countable base was published in his last paper «Über die Mächtigkeit der zusammenhängenden Mengen», Math Annalen 94 (1925), 262—295. …

According to Weierstrass, Riemann knew about the existence of continuous nowhere differentiable functions. (Weierstrass' celebrated example was published in 1872, some 6 years after Riemann's death.) …

The limit $$ \lim_{x\to 0}\frac { f(x) - g(x) } { f^{-1}(x) - g^{-1}(x)} = -\left(f'(0)\right)^6 $$ appears in the Problems section of Mathematics Magazine, where it is calculated under the assumptio …

Riemann's flawed proof of the Riemann mapping theorem which crucially relied on Dirichlet's principle. The theorem was stated by Bernhard Riemann in 1851 in his PhD thesis. Lars Ahlfors wrote once, c …

I like the presentation of the Theorema Egregium in A Comprehensive Introduction to Differential Geometry (Volume 2) by Michael Spivak. A translation of the original paper by Gauss and the historical …

Great Soviet mathematician N.I. Akhiezer mentions in his survey article "Чебышевское направление в теории функций" ("Function Theory According to Chebyshev") that the notation $$T_n(x)=\frac{1}{2^{n- …

From the introduction to History of the Central Limit Theorem: From Laplace to Donsker by Hans Fischer: The term “central limit theorem” most likely traces back to Georg Pólya. As he recapitulat …

According to Hans Samelson's historical note "Differential Forms, the Early Days", both notions were introduced in Les Méthodes nouvelles de la Mécanique Céleste by Poincaré (vol. 3, Gauthier-Villar …

"The determination of Gauss sums" by Berndt and Evans (Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., Vol. 5, Number 2 (1981), 107-129.) contains an exposition of the original proof due to Gauss. It also includes a short hi …

L'Hôpital's rule was first published in Analyse des Infiniment Petits. According to The Historical Development of The Calculus by Edwards (p. 269), L'Hospital's argument, which is stated verbally w …

Jonathan M. Borwein, David H. Bailey and Roland Girgensohn discuss this and related formulae for $\pi$ in their book "Experimentation in Mathematics" (see Section 1.1, p. 3). They claim that The i …

Hilbert's finiteness theorem, which arguably "killed classical invariant theory" and resulted in the creation of abstract algebra. Hilbert's first work on invariant functions led him to the demonstra …