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Matrix theory is the study of matrices as concrete objects, rather than as abstract linear operators between vector spaces (whose study belongs to linear algebra). For instance, this involves matrix factorizations and decompositions, nonnegative matrices and Perron-Frobenius theory, Schur complements, structured and special matrices, matrix functions and equations.

14 votes

Question on whether, "An entire function, nowhere zero, has an entire logarithm," holds for ...

Counterexample: Consider the entire function $$ A(z) = \pmatrix{e^z & 0\cr z & 1\cr}$$ An entire logarithm of $A(z)$ must have eigenvalues $z + 2\pi i n$ and $2 \pi i m$ for …
Robert Israel's user avatar
2 votes

Checking a matrix for distinct rows

The obvious "algebraic" condition is that the left null space of your matrix contains no vector of the form $e_i - e_j$. Does that help?
Robert Israel's user avatar
3 votes

Additivity of the Field of Values

This is just a partial answer, but maybe an important case. If $A$ is hermitian, $F(A)$ is the interval $[\lambda_{\text{min}}(A), \lambda_{\text{max}}(A)]$, where $\lambda_{\text{min}}(A)$ and $\lam …
Robert Israel's user avatar
2 votes

Algorithm for checking positive definite matrix over a subspace

Of course. Use Gram-Schmidt to construct an orthonormal basis $\{u_i\}$ of $V$, and use your algorithm on the matrix with entries $u_i^\top A u_j$.
Robert Israel's user avatar
8 votes

Differentiability of Eigenvalues - Perturbation Theory

The eigenvalues of a square matrix $A$ are the roots of the characteristic polynomial, and are analytic except where their multiplicities change. Thus if (in a certain open region of parameter space) …
Robert Israel's user avatar
1 vote

On sum of matrices

Take $M$ with all $M_{ij} = 1$, $M_1 = I$, $M_2 = M-I$. Since the eigenvalues of $M$ are $0$ and $n$, $M_1$ and $M_2$ both have rank $n$ if $n > 1$. In the other direction, if $M_1 = M_2 = M/2$, $\te …
Robert Israel's user avatar
6 votes
Accepted

Explicit formula for the functional calculus of 2x2 matrices

A general procedure for $f(A)$ for any $n \times n$ matrix $A$, where $f$ is an analytic function in a neighbourhood of the spectrum of $A$, is this. Let $p$ be a rational function such that $p(\lamb …
Robert Israel's user avatar
1 vote

Powers of small square matrices over the Laurent polynomial ring with integer coefficients

Your matrix (call it $A(t)$) has characteristic polynomial $\lambda^2 - t \lambda - 1$, so it satisfies $A(t)^2 - t A(t) - I = 0$ and thus $A(t)^{n+2} = t A(t)^{n+1} + A(t)^n$. For $n \ge 2$ I get …
Robert Israel's user avatar
4 votes
Accepted

Can I modify the singular values of a matrix in order to get a negative eigenvalue?

Not necessarily. For example, consider $$ A = \pmatrix{\cos(\theta) & -\sin(\theta)\cr \sin(\theta) & \cos(\theta)}$$ with eigenvalues $e^{\pm i \theta}$ having positive real part if $-\pi/2 < \thet …
Robert Israel's user avatar
11 votes
Accepted

No arbitrary product of matrices has eigenvalue 1?

In the case $n=4$ you could have $D = \pmatrix{0 & 0 & 0 & 1\cr 0 & 0 & 1 & 0\cr 0 & 1 & 0 & 0\cr 1 & 0 & 0 & 0}$, in which case $A_1 A_2 A_3 A_4 A_1 A_2 A_3 A_4 = \pmatrix{0 & 0 & 0 & 0\cr 0 & 0 & 0 …
Robert Israel's user avatar
5 votes
Accepted

The structure of the $n$-th power of a special matrix

The characteristic polynomial of $C_p^{(a,b)}$ is $\lambda^p - (a+b) \lambda^{p-1}$. Therefore, for $m \ge p$ we have $$(C_p^{(a,b)})^m = (a+b)^{m-p} (C_p^{(a,b)})^{p-1}$$ It appears that $B = (C_p^{ …
Robert Israel's user avatar
4 votes
Accepted

when does elementwise-log preserve positive-semidefiniteness?

It's not true that it works for $Z$ small enough. Consider the $2 \times 2$ case $$ Z = \pmatrix{t & 2t\cr 2t & 4t\cr} $$ which is positive semidefinite for $t \ge 0$. Then $$\det(X) = \log(1+t)\log( …
Robert Israel's user avatar
1 vote

power of a block triangular matrix

In general the limit will not exist. For example, the $(2,1)$ block of $M^n$ is $B_n = \sum_{j=1}^n A^{j-1} B A^{n-j}$. By taking a suitable basis, we may assume $A$ is diagonal. Under the assumption …
Robert Israel's user avatar
7 votes
Accepted

Probability of a submatrix to be full rank in a N x N Random Matrix of rank m.

Your matrix $A = X^T X$ where $X$ is a random $m \times N$ matrix with a continuous distribution having a density. An $m \times m$ submatrix of $A$ is $Q^T A P = (XQ)^T XP$ where $P$ and $Q$ are $N \ …
Robert Israel's user avatar
0 votes

Convex Combination of 2 hermitian matrices

Trivially no: consider the case $A_1 = A_2$.
Robert Israel's user avatar

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