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For questions about mathematical problems arising from physics, the natural science studying general properties of matter, radiation and energy.
49
votes
On critical reviews of Hawking's lecture "Gödel and the end of the universe"
Alon Amit: "There are some things that break my heart more thoroughly than reading nonsensical conclusions from Gödel's Theorems to the limitations of physics published by eminent scientists, but they …
33
votes
The Planck constant for mathematicians
To build intuition for the Planck constant $\hbar$, which I understand is the purpose of the OP, I would start by noting that $\hbar$ is not a dimensionless number: it has dimensions of energy $\times …
28
votes
When exactly and why did matrix multiplication become a part of the undergraduate curriculum?
The article by J.-L. Dorier in On the Teaching of Linear Algebra suggests the answer to your question will be different for the UK and for continental Europe:
In an attempt to answer your questio …
27
votes
Motivation and physical interpretation of the Laplace transform
The physical motivation for the Laplace transform is causality.
Consider the linear input-output relation
$$f_{\text{output}}(t)=\int_{0}^\infty R(t-t')f_{\text{input}}(t')\,dt'.$$
Causality dictates …
18
votes
Applications of complex exponential
Early applications of $e^{i\omega t}$ in the context of electromagnetism were understood as a mathematical device: the physical fields are real, and the complex exponential is a convenient method to i …
13
votes
Accepted
How does a Masters student of math learn physics by self?
I can recommend Leonard Susskind's Theoretical Minimum:
A number of years ago I became aware of the large number of physics
enthusiasts out there who have no venue to learn modern physics and
cosmology … So I started a series
of courses on modern physics at Stanford University where I am a
professor of physics. …
12
votes
Representation theory and elementary particles
The Algebra of Grand Unified Theories, by John Baez and John Huerta may well be to your liking:
A full-fledged treatment of particle physics requires quantum field
theory, which uses representations … This brings
in a lot of analytical subtleties, which make it hard to formulate
theories of particle physics in a mathematically rigorous way. …
12
votes
Why the unreasonable applicability of complex numbers in physics/engineering?
This is an interesting line of research in modern physics, whether Nature at its most fundamental level is described by real or by complex numbers. … The physics question is then whether unpaired Majorana fermions appear in Nature, since this would imply the fundamental equations are real rather than complex. …
11
votes
Accepted
Does current follow the path(s) of least (total) resistance?
Perhaps to resolve this issue it helps to work out a simple example.
Take a region $D$ consisting of the strip $|x|<1$, $0<y<1$, and a $y$-independent conductivity profile
$$\sigma(x)=\begin{cases}
1 …
10
votes
Can the equation of motion with friction be written as Euler-Lagrange equation, and does it ...
strictly speaking, the answer to your question is "no"; but if you insist, you can modify the Euler-Lagrange equation by adding a nonzero right-hand-side to incorporate friction:
$$\frac d{dt} \left( …
8
votes
On mathematical studies of the Mpemba effect
Since this question is still open, I take the liberty of pointing to a recent survey of the status of the Mpemba effect, Pathological Water Science -- Four Examples and What They Have in Common, which …
7
votes
Digital physics and "Gandy-like" machines
This line of thought seems to be the essence of the research program of Gerard 't Hooft, as exposed in a series of papers culminating in the monograph The Cellular Automaton Interpretation of Quantum …
7
votes
Accepted
How are spatial coordinate systems in physics defined?
This question has been explored in the context of global positioning systems, which need to account for general relativity. The traditional Minkowski coordinates $(t,x,y,z)$ of flat space-time do not …
6
votes
Applications of Hamiltonian formalism to classical mechanics
The Poincaré-von Zeipel method in celestial mechanics relies on canonical transformations of the Hamiltonian to separate fast and slow degrees of freedom in a solar system. See, for example, A note on …
6
votes
Accepted
What are the topological phases of quantum Hall systems?
Fermionic modular categories and the 16-fold way classifies the topological phases of the fractional quantum Hall effect. The Laughlin states (Abelian anyons at filling factor $1/Q$, $Q$ odd) are disc …