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For questions about mathematical problems arising from physics, the natural science studying general properties of matter, radiation and energy.

49 votes

On critical reviews of Hawking's lecture "Gödel and the end of the universe"

Alon Amit: "There are some things that break my heart more thoroughly than reading nonsensical conclusions from Gödel's Theorems to the limitations of physics published by eminent scientists, but they …
Carlo Beenakker's user avatar
33 votes

The Planck constant for mathematicians

To build intuition for the Planck constant $\hbar$, which I understand is the purpose of the OP, I would start by noting that $\hbar$ is not a dimensionless number: it has dimensions of energy $\times …
Carlo Beenakker's user avatar
28 votes

When exactly and why did matrix multiplication become a part of the undergraduate curriculum?

The article by J.-L. Dorier in On the Teaching of Linear Algebra suggests the answer to your question will be different for the UK and for continental Europe: In an attempt to answer your questio …
Carlo Beenakker's user avatar
27 votes

Motivation and physical interpretation of the Laplace transform

The physical motivation for the Laplace transform is causality. Consider the linear input-output relation $$f_{\text{output}}(t)=\int_{0}^\infty R(t-t')f_{\text{input}}(t')\,dt'.$$ Causality dictates …
Carlo Beenakker's user avatar
18 votes

Applications of complex exponential

Early applications of $e^{i\omega t}$ in the context of electromagnetism were understood as a mathematical device: the physical fields are real, and the complex exponential is a convenient method to i …
Carlo Beenakker's user avatar
13 votes
Accepted

How does a Masters student of math learn physics by self?

I can recommend Leonard Susskind's Theoretical Minimum: A number of years ago I became aware of the large number of physics enthusiasts out there who have no venue to learn modern physics and cosmology … So I started a series of courses on modern physics at Stanford University where I am a professor of physics. …
Carlo Beenakker's user avatar
12 votes

Representation theory and elementary particles

The Algebra of Grand Unified Theories, by John Baez and John Huerta may well be to your liking: A full-fledged treatment of particle physics requires quantum field theory, which uses representations … This brings in a lot of analytical subtleties, which make it hard to formulate theories of particle physics in a mathematically rigorous way. …
Carlo Beenakker's user avatar
12 votes

Why the unreasonable applicability of complex numbers in physics/engineering?

This is an interesting line of research in modern physics, whether Nature at its most fundamental level is described by real or by complex numbers. … The physics question is then whether unpaired Majorana fermions appear in Nature, since this would imply the fundamental equations are real rather than complex. …
Carlo Beenakker's user avatar
11 votes
Accepted

Does current follow the path(s) of least (total) resistance?

Perhaps to resolve this issue it helps to work out a simple example. Take a region $D$ consisting of the strip $|x|<1$, $0<y<1$, and a $y$-independent conductivity profile $$\sigma(x)=\begin{cases} 1 …
Carlo Beenakker's user avatar
10 votes

Can the equation of motion with friction be written as Euler-Lagrange equation, and does it ...

strictly speaking, the answer to your question is "no"; but if you insist, you can modify the Euler-Lagrange equation by adding a nonzero right-hand-side to incorporate friction: $$\frac d{dt} \left( …
Carlo Beenakker's user avatar
8 votes

On mathematical studies of the Mpemba effect

Since this question is still open, I take the liberty of pointing to a recent survey of the status of the Mpemba effect, Pathological Water Science -- Four Examples and What They Have in Common, which …
Carlo Beenakker's user avatar
7 votes

Digital physics and "Gandy-like" machines

This line of thought seems to be the essence of the research program of Gerard 't Hooft, as exposed in a series of papers culminating in the monograph The Cellular Automaton Interpretation of Quantum …
Carlo Beenakker's user avatar
7 votes
Accepted

How are spatial coordinate systems in physics defined?

This question has been explored in the context of global positioning systems, which need to account for general relativity. The traditional Minkowski coordinates $(t,x,y,z)$ of flat space-time do not …
Carlo Beenakker's user avatar
6 votes

Applications of Hamiltonian formalism to classical mechanics

The Poincaré-von Zeipel method in celestial mechanics relies on canonical transformations of the Hamiltonian to separate fast and slow degrees of freedom in a solar system. See, for example, A note on …
Carlo Beenakker's user avatar
6 votes
Accepted

What are the topological phases of quantum Hall systems?

Fermionic modular categories and the 16-fold way classifies the topological phases of the fractional quantum Hall effect. The Laughlin states (Abelian anyons at filling factor $1/Q$, $Q$ odd) are disc …
Carlo Beenakker's user avatar

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