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This reminds me a little bit of tropical geometry wherein one replaces an algebraic variety with a simple combinatorial proxy, but from what little I know the analogy seems to stop there. …

This makes it a useful operator-theoretic proxy for Riemannian or conformal structure, in particular allowing one to use spectral theory to start controlling the Riemannian or conformal geometry of a domain …

In a variety of scenarios, uncountable collections of measure zero events can bite you; separability ensures you can use a countable sequence as a proxy for the entire process without losing probabilistic …

I have in mind something like the following: Start with some suitable version of "finite" mathematics. Some possibilities might be maybe ZFC with a suitable anti-infinity axiom, the topos $\mathbf{ …

Some aspects of Euler's work were formalized in terms of modern infinitesimal theories by Laugwitz, McKinzie, Tuckey, and others. Referring to the latter, G. Ferraro claims that "one can see in operat …

Spatial weights would be relevant in non-homogeneous settings in which one expects the behaviour at different regions of space to be different. For instance, if there is an obstacle or a boundary, a …

Hmm, I'm about twelve years late to the party - anyway, since the post has just popped up at the front page, here's a list of suggestions that I try to follow when writing mathematics, mainly because …

You'll probably have better luck with the phrase "intuitionistic higher-order logic" (IHOL). A good place to start is the book by Lambek and Scott, Introduction to Higher Order Categorical Logic. But …

Is there a function from such multigraphs to ordered lists of size $n$ (N.B. that the order isn't meant to represent the relative strength of the teams, but is just a proxy for the extra structure of the …

Indeed, one should view KM as a proxy for an inaccessible cardinal, as if $\kappa$ is inaccessible, then $(V_\kappa,\in,V_{\kappa+1})$ is a model of KM. In this sense, KM is very weak. …

a dense generator, so we can see $\infty$-categories as presheaves on $\Delta$ Simplicially enriched categories: Simplicial enrichment is a proxy for enrichment in $\mathrm{Cat}_{(\infty, 0)}$ Simplicial … mathrm{Cat}_{(1,1)}$ Complete segal spaces: These look to be inspired by models in $\mathrm{Cat}_{(\infty, 0)}$ of the finite limit sketch defining categories Relative categories: A pair $(C,W)$ is a proxy …

In this context, "true" is a proxy for "true in the (class-sized) structure $V$." …

The class of groups of type $FP$ is a well-behaved proxy. Moreover, it is conjectured that every finitely presented group of type $FP$ is actually of type $F$. …

Unfortunately, I know no computer algebra system that takes advantage of this bit of wisdom and implements inversion as returning a proxy. …

Concerning Q2, the role of entropy as a proxy for convexity has been explored in Forward and Reverse Entropy Power Inequalities in Convex Geometry (2016), as discussed here on MO by one of the authors. …