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Is $\;\big\{(a,b,c)\in\mathbb{N}^3: \big(\exists m,n,\ell \in (\mathbb{N}\setminus\{0,1,2\})\big): a^m + b^n= c^\ell\big\}\;$ computable?

Donald Knuth suggested a bitwise approximation for addition on the non-negative integers that is very fast on common processors: $(a,b)\mapsto (a\oplus b) \oplus ((a\land b) \ll 1)$, where $a,b$ are g …

The question whether the set $P\subseteq \mathbb{N}$ of perfect numbers is infinite, is famously open. I would think that everybody believes the statement below - but has it been proved? $$\mu(P) := …

A set $A\subseteq\newcommand{\N}{\mathbb{N}}\N$ is said to be Golomb if whenever $a<b \in A$ and $a'<b' \in A$ with $(b-a) = (b' - a')$, then $a=a'$ and $b=b'$. If $A\subseteq \N$ is Golomb, we let $\ …

Is there $q\in\mathbb{Q}$ with $q>1$ and the following property? There are infinitely many $n\in\mathbb{N}$ such that there are no primes in $[n,\lfloor q\cdot n\rfloor]$.

We say that an integer $n > 1$ is a Goldbach number if $n$ is the sum of two primes. The famous Goldbach conjecture says that every even integer greater than $2$ is Goldbach. Consider the following mu …

Let $F$ be the set of all integers $n>1$ such that in the Fibonacci sequence modulo $n$, the value $0$ occurs infinitely often. What is the value of $\lim\sup_{n\to\infty}\frac{|F\cap\{0,\ldots,n\}|}{ …

Let $\mathbb{N}$ denote the set of non-negative integers. For $A\subseteq \mathbb{N}$ we let the (upper) density of $A$ be defined by $d^+(A) = \lim\sup_{n\to\infty} \frac {|A\cap \{0,\ldots, n\}|}{n+ …

Let $\mathbb{N}_+$ denote the set of positive integers. Consider the remainder function $\text{rem}:\mathbb{N}_+\times \mathbb{N}_+ \to \mathbb{N}\cup\{0\}$ defined by $$(n,d) \mapsto n - \Big(\Big\lf …

Does the set of squares $S = \{n^2: n\in\omega\}$ adhere to Benford's law for the first digit in every base $b\geq 2$? Precise formulation of what it means for a set $T\subseteq \omega$ to "adhere to …

We say that a set of natural numbers $A\subseteq \omega$ has positive upper density if $$\lim\sup_{n\to\infty}\frac{|A\cap n|}{n+1} > 0.$$ Szeméredi's theorem states that every $A\subseteq \omega$ hav …

For $A\subseteq\omega$ we define the upper density by $$d_u(A) = \lim\sup_{n\to\infty}\frac{|A\cap n|}{n+1}.$$ For $y\in \omega$ we set $A - y:= \{|a\setminus y|:a\in A\}.$ Note that $|a\setminus y|$ …

Starting point. The struggle for a magic square consisting of distinct square numbers is still ongoing, but it has produced an amusing landmark result called the Parker square. One of the issues is th …

Let $r\in [0,1]\setminus\mathbb{Q}$, let $\mathbb{N}$ denote the set of non-negative integers and let $\mathbb{N}_+=\mathbb{N}\setminus\{0\}$. For $n\in\mathbb{N}_+$ let $$\alpha_r(n)=\min\{\big|r-\f …

Let $\mathbb{N}$ denote the set of positive integers, and consider the graph $(\mathbb{N}, E)$ where a set $\{a,b\}$ of two distinct positive integers belongs to $E$ if there is an integer $k>1$ such …