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Questions where prime numbers play a key-role, such as: questions on the distribution of prime numbers (twin primes, gaps between primes, Hardy–Littlewood conjectures, etc); questions on prime numbers with special properties (Wieferich prime, Wolstenholme prime, etc.). This tag is often used as a specialized tag in combination with the top-level tag nt.number-theory and (if applicable) analytic-number-theory.

1 vote
0 answers
123 views

Effective Erdős–Kac theorem

I have some number $N$ and some integer $k>0$. I want to know what fraction of numbers up to $N$ have more than $k$ prime factors. (In my application, with repetition, but the $\omega$ version is inte …
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4 votes
1 answer
279 views

Density of primes $p$ where $p-1$ has a prime factor exceeding $p^{2/3}$

Fouvry proved* that primes $p$ such that the greatest prime factor, $q$, of $p-1$ is greater than $p^{2/3}$ have positive density in the primes. (The sequence is A073024 in the OEIS.) Are there any re …
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3 votes
1 answer
223 views

What fraction of the values of a quadratic polynomial can be prime?

I have an explicit, monic quadratic polynomial $P(x)$ and an integer $m$. Can I bound the number of prime values in $P(0), P(1), \ldots, P(m)$? A reference would be appreciated, if available. An effe …
Charles's user avatar
  • 9,114
3 votes
1 answer
411 views

Counting cubic residues mod p

Given a prime $p=3m+1$, $(p-1)/3$ of the residues mod $p$ are cubic residues. So heuristically, for any given integer $k>1$ not a perfect cube, we would expect that about 1/3 of the primes $\equiv1\pm …
Charles's user avatar
  • 9,114
9 votes
2 answers
543 views

Primes between $x$ and $x+x^\theta$

Iwaniec [1] proved that $$ \pi(x+x^\theta)-\pi(x) < \frac{(2+\varepsilon)x^\theta}{\eta(\theta)\log x},\ x>x_0(\varepsilon,\theta). $$ with $$ \eta(\theta)=\frac{15\theta-2}{9}. $$ (Actually, he prove …
Charles's user avatar
  • 9,114
8 votes
1 answer
803 views

Primes of the form $x^2 + y^2 + 1$

There are infinitely many primes of the form $x^2+y^2+1$, as proved by Bredihin. Motohashi improved the result by showing that there were $\gg x/\log^2 x$ such primes up to $x$. But we expect $\Theta( …
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  • 9,114
1 vote
1 answer
202 views

Best bound on $p, p+2k$ with $k$ fixed

Given some integer $k>0$, there are $O(x/\log^2 x)$ primes $p \le x$ such that $p+2k$ is also prime. It has been conjectured at least since Hardy-Littlewood that $$ \pi_{2k}(x) \sim c_{2k}\int_2^x\fra …
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  • 9,114
38 votes
4 answers
7k views

What did Yu Jianchun discover about Carmichael numbers?

There's a news story going around (see for example [1]; other accounts are even more breathless) about an amateur mathematician, Yu Jianchun, finding an "alternative method to verify Carmichael number …
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  • 9,114
2 votes
0 answers
149 views

$f(x)$-th largest number of prime factors

Given a sufficiently well-behaved function $1\le f(x)\le x$ and a multiset $S=\{\omega(n): 1\le n\le x\}$, what can be said about the asymptotics of the $f(x)$-th largest member of $S$? In other words …
Charles's user avatar
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1 vote
0 answers
301 views

Is this a proof of the Hardy-Littlewood inequality? [closed]

V.V. Miasoyedov posted a paper to the arXiv claiming a proof of the Hardy-Littlewood conjecture $\pi(x+y) \le \pi(x)+\pi(y)$. It seems a bit off, and not only because the conjecture is widely believed …
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  • 9,114
7 votes
0 answers
781 views

"Forthcoming paper" of Goldston-Graham-Pintz-Yıldırım

The above-named authors of [1] and its (significantly different) published version [2] write: In a forthcoming paper, we will show how the methods here can be extended to prove corresponding resul …
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4 votes
0 answers
117 views

Best constant for Maier's theorem?

Maier proved that, for fixed $\lambda>1,$ $$ \limsup_{x\to\infty}\frac{\pi(x+\log^\lambda x)-\pi(x)}{\log^{\lambda-1}x}>1 $$ and in particular $$ \limsup_{x\to\infty}\frac{\pi(x+\log^\lambda x)-\pi(x) …
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  • 9,114
7 votes
1 answer
421 views

Are primes of density 0 in $a\cdot b^n+c$?

Hooley proves in Applications of Sieves to the Theory of Numbers that there are only $o(x)$ numbers $n\le x$ such that $n\cdot2^n+1$ is a (Cullen) prime. The proof generalizes to forms $n\cdot2^{n+a}+ …
Charles's user avatar
  • 9,114
5 votes
4 answers
785 views

Proving a least prime factor

Suppose that I find a small prime factor $p$ dividing a large number $n$ and I wish to prove that it is the least prime dividing $n$. There are two obvious approaches: either factor $n/p$, or divide $ …
Charles's user avatar
  • 9,114
5 votes
1 answer
453 views

Large gaps between P2s

Gaps between consecutive primes are $O(n^{\theta+\varepsilon})$ for $\theta=0.525$ and any $\varepsilon>0.$ I was wondering if a better result is known for gaps between numbers with at most two prime …
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