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Algebraic number fields, Algebraic integers, Arithmetic Geometry, Elliptic Curves, Function fields, Local fields, Arithmetic groups, Automorphic forms, zeta functions, $L$-functions, Quadratic forms, Quaternion algebras, Homogenous forms, Class groups, Units, Galois theory, Group cohomology, Étale cohomology, Motives, Class field theory, Iwasawa theory, Modular curves, Shimura varieties, Jacobian varieties, Moduli spaces

17 votes

Is every (finite-dimensional, complex) representation of a finite group defined over the alg...

Edit: Ah, there's a simpler way to show that representations are defined over a number field; I've edited it in below. 19-year-old me (apparently you aren't allowed to start answers with "hello"), I …
Qiaochu Yuan's user avatar
1 vote

Traces of powers of integral marices

The answer to Question 1 is yes, although I don't think I can extract a reasonable bound from the argument I have in mind. First observe that the question reduces to a question about largest (in absol …
Qiaochu Yuan's user avatar
4 votes

Is there a notion of Galois extension for Z / p^2?

Let $R$ be a commutative ring and $G$ a finite group. A Galois extension of $R$ with Galois group $G$ is a pair consisting of a morphism $f : R \to S$ and an $R$-linear action of $G$ on $S$ such that …
Qiaochu Yuan's user avatar
9 votes

A natural way of thinking of the definition of an Artin $L$-function?

Here is a deeply ahistorical approach. Let's begin with the following topological analogue of a Galois extension with Galois group $G$, namely a Galois cover $Y \to X$ of spaces with Galois group $G$. …
Qiaochu Yuan's user avatar
13 votes
Accepted

UFD and fundamental group

It's the absolute Galois group that can be thought of as a fundamental group, since it is the étale fundamental group of $\text{Spec } K$. The ideal class group is instead a Picard group of line bundl …
Qiaochu Yuan's user avatar
10 votes

What is an infinite prime in algebraic topology?

The only result in algebraic topology I know that explicitly involves both finite and infinite primes is Dustin Clausen's lift of Hilbert reciprocity to a statement about spectra. For each prime $p$ h …
Qiaochu Yuan's user avatar
10 votes

Analogy between the nodal cubic curve $y^2=x^3+x^2$ and the ring $\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{-3}]$?

I wrote down the details in this blog post. Briefly, there are exactly two morphisms $\text{Spec } \mathbb{F}_4 \to \text{Spec } \mathbb{Z}[\omega]$, and their coequalizer (gluing them together) is $\ …
Qiaochu Yuan's user avatar
18 votes

Cohen-Lenstra Heuristics reference

I don't have a book reference, but here are some rambling words about why one might, in general, expect objects $x$ to appear with probability proportional to $\frac{1}{|\text{Aut}(x)|}$. The short ve …
Qiaochu Yuan's user avatar
2 votes

Are all Finite Subsets of Affine n-space Algebraic sets, and related question

1) The point $(p_1, ... p_n)$ is the vanishing set of the polynomials $x_i - p_i$, and a finite union of algebraic sets is algebraic. 2) Yes. This should follow concretely from results in eliminatio …
Qiaochu Yuan's user avatar
12 votes
Accepted

Motivation for the proof of Hilbert's Theorem 90

The map $T : a \mapsto b \sigma(a)$ is linear and has order $n$. It follows straightforwardly that $c + T c + ... + T^{n-1} c$ is a fixed point of $T$. More generally, let $V$ be a representation of …
Qiaochu Yuan's user avatar
13 votes
3 answers
1k views

Frobenius elements from the point of view of étale fundamental groups

The goal of this question is to find a "geometric" definition of Frobenius element in $\text{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q})$. Here are two definitions that don't work, but that should help ex …
Qiaochu Yuan's user avatar
19 votes
2 answers
2k views

For what subsets S of (Z/nZ)* is there a Euclidean proof that there are infinitely many prim...

For small values of $n$ and $(a, n) = 1$ it is sometimes possible to give an elementary proof that there are infinitely many primes congruent to $a \bmod n$ along the lines of Euclid's classic proof o …
Qiaochu Yuan's user avatar
4 votes
Accepted

Algebraic square root question

Lemma 1: If $P(x)$ is an integer polynomial with root $r$, then $P(x^2)$ is an integer polynomial with root $\sqrt{r}$. Lemma 2: If $P(x)$ is an integer polynomial with root $r$, then $P(\sqrt{x})P …
Qiaochu Yuan's user avatar
6 votes

Algebraic number theory and applications to properties of the natural numbers.

The number field sieve fits your requirements perfectly, I think.
21 votes
3 answers
1k views

What's the analogue of the Hilbert class field in the following analogy?

There's a wonderful analogy I've been trying to understand which asserts that field extensions are analogous to covering spaces, Galois groups are analogous to deck transformation groups, and algebrai …
Qiaochu Yuan's user avatar

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