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Let $\mathbb N=\{0,1,2,\ldots\}$. Recall that the triangular numbers are those natural numbers $$T_x=\frac {x(x+1)}2\quad \text{with}\ x\in\mathbb N.$$ As $T_x=\binom{x+1}2$, Gauss' triangular number …

Recall that the permanent of an $n\times n$ matrix $A=[a_{i,j}]_{1\le i,j\le n}$ is defined by $$\operatorname{per}A=\sum_{\sigma\in S_n}\prod_{i=1}^n a_{i,\sigma(i)}.$$ In 2004, R. Chapman [Acta Ari …

The Domb numbers are given by $$D_n=\sum_{k=0}^n\binom{n}{k}^2\binom{2k}k\binom{2(n-k)}{n-k}\ \ \ (n=0,1,2,\ldots).$$ Such numbers have combinatorial interpretation, see, e.g., http://oeis.org/A002895 …

For positive integers $m$ and $n$, let $D_m(n)$ denote the determinant $\det[(j-k)^m+\delta_{jk}]_{1\le j,k\le n}$, where the Kronecker delta $\delta_{jk}$ is $1$ or $0$ according as $j=k$ or not. Rec …

For integers $n\ge k\ge0$, let $p(n,k)$ denote the number of ways to write $n$ as a sum of $k$ positive integers (repetition allowed). For example, $p(6,3)=3$ since $$6=1+1+4=1+2+3=2+2+2.$$ QUESTION. …

A sequence of polynomials $$P_0(q),\ P_1(q),\ P_2(q),\ \ldots$$ with real coefficients is called $q$-log-convex if for each $n=1,2,3,\ldots$ every coefficient of the polynomial $P_{n+1}(q)P_{n-1}(q)-P …

The Fibonacci numbers $F_0,F_1,F_2,\ldots$ and the Lucas numbers $L_0,L_1,L_2,\ldots$ are given by $$F_0=0,\ F_1=1,\ \text{and}\ F_{n+1}=F_n+F_{n-1}\ (n=1,2,3,\ldots)$$ and $$L_0=2,\ L_1=1,\ \text{an …

Recall that the Mersenne numbers are those integers $M_p=2^p-1$ with $p$ prime. QUESTION: Is it true that for each prime $p>3$ there is a Mersenne number which is a quadratic nonresidue modulo $p$? …