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Definition 1.2 in On the Distributional Hessian of the Distance Function explains the difference: an inequality can hold in distributional sense, in barrier sense, or in viscosity sense. Given a Riem …

The name of an $n\times n$ matrix with positive real elements satisfying $a_{ij}=1/a_{ji}$ for all $i,j\in\{1,2,\ldots n\}$ is reciprocal matrix. A consistent reciprocal matrix has elements of the for …

In 1996 Irving Good himself recalls: One of the related problems close to philosophy is the estimation of the probability of one category of a multinomial when the order of the cells is irrelevant. [ …

An answer to remove this question from the "unanswered list": The term "equianharmonic" refers to "equal anharmonic ratio", as explained by Wiener in 1901, see this earlier MO post.

Q: Is there some application where $\mu$ plays a role in some kind of "connectedness" which would excuse the name? A: The application is to crystalline structure. The name originates from Hammersley, …

In the context of relativistic mechanics, the parameter $s$ is the speed of light, see for example The Intrinsic Beauty, Harmony and Interdisciplinarity in Einstein Velocity Addition Law: Gyrogroups a …

First note that the vector $x$ distributed uniformly on the $d$-dimensional hypersphere can be constructed from a vector $y$ with i.i.d. normal elements $y_1,y_2,\ldots y_d$, via $$x=\left(\sum_{i=1}^ …

Tsuyoshi Uema refers to it as a "renkan" puzzle, and has written some code to solve small instances at http://prolog.web.fc2.com/src_017_renkan.html

Community wiki because it is answered over at MSE. source

Q: Is there a name for a Hopf algebra that admits no one-dimensional comodule other than the trivial comodule? A: Not in the literature, but if you would like to coin a specific name for such a Hopf a …

The suffix "-oid" means the same as "quasi", so "resembling", "like". A groupoid is a quasi-group, like a group. There are hundreds of words in that category, covering many scientific disciplines. In …

Q: what is being "relaxed" in the relaxation method? A: The relaxation method is an iterative approach to solve the set of linear equations $\sum_{j}A_{ij}u_j-b_i=0$ by relaxing the requirement that t …

The name refers to the concept of an anharmonic ratio, or cross-ratio. Four points $A,B,C,D$ are called equianharmonic if their cross-ratio is a cube root of 1. In that case the 6 cross-ratios obtaine …

M. Barr and J. Beck, Acyclic models and triples, Proc. Conference Categorical Algebra (La Jolla, Calif., 1965) Springer, New York, 1966, pp. 336-343. The "triple" is an older name for a monad. Also, J …

A random vector $\mathbf{x}$ is called isotropic with respect to a norm $\mu$ (more generally, a quasinorm) if the equiprobability curves are given by $\mu(\mathbf{x})=\text{constant}$. If $\mu$ is th …