Questions tagged [extremal-graph-theory]
Study of graphs satisfying a property that are maximal or minimal with respect to some parameter. A classic example is Turán's Theorem, which exactly characterizes the densest graphs on $n$ vertices without a $K_t$ subgraph.
253 questions
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An extremal problem for graphs having every edge contained in a 4-clique
This is a follow-up to Graphs with many triangles but few complete graphs on 4 vertices
I'm looking for an upper bound for the difference between the number of edges and the number of 4-cliques in a ...
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Forbidden Tripartite Graphs
I was looking at extremal graph theory. I have understood the proofs of upper bounds for the Zarankiewicz problem which basically states: What can you say about the edges of a graph with $n$ vertices ...
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Even cycle constrained edge coloring
Is minimum colors needed to assign colors to edges of complete graph $K_n$ so that every $2t$ simple cycle where $t\in\Big\{1,\dots,2\Big\lfloor\frac{n}2\Big\rfloor\Big\}$ contains atleast $t+1$ ...
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Maximum cardinality general factor of a graph
Given a graph $G=(V,E)$ and a set of integers $B(v)$ associated to each vertex, a general factor of $G$ is a set of edges $F\subseteq E$ such that the degree of each vertex $v\in V$ in the graph $(V, ...
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What are constructions for induced $C_5$-free graphs?
During a recent workshop, the question came up whether there are some constructions for graphs that are induced $C_5$-free, but they contain "everything else," so we don't want to forbid $C_5$'s, ...
8
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Embedding of planar graphs
I've recently come across the following lemma.
Lemma (Valiant): A planar graph $G$ with maximum degree $4$ can be embedded in the plane using $O(|V|)$ area in such a way that its vertices are at ...
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2
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Vertex expansion of the Hamming graph
Let $G$ be a graph, and for every $S \subseteq V$, let $N(S)$ denote the neighborhood of $S$. The vertex expansion of $G$ is
$$ \min_{S\subseteq V, |S|\le |V|/2} \left\{ \frac{|N(S)|}{|S|} \right\}.$$...
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Edge-disjoint cycles in graphs
Given a graph $G=(V,E)$ and a fixed integer $k$ are there any algorithms known which would find the maximum number of edge-disjoint cycles of length $k$ in $G$? If not is there a proof that this ...
3
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2
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Complete k-partite graph covers all K_k of a graph
Suppose that we have a complete graph $G$ of $n$ vertices. What is the minimum number of complete $k$-partite graph (subgraph of $G$) that covers all the complete graph of $k$ vertices of $V(G)$? Are ...
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Maximum degree and matching number
Let $G=(V,E)$ be a finite graph. We write $\nu(G)$ for the matching number of $G$. Is there $\varepsilon > 0$ such that we have $$\frac{\nu(G)+\Delta(G)}{V(G)} \geq \varepsilon$$ for all finite ...
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If many triangles share edges, then some edge is shared by many triangles
Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph.
Let $t$ denote the number of triangles in the graph, and $x$ denote the number of pairs of distinct triangles that share an edge.
(For example in $K_4$ we have $t=4$ and $x=6$...
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Minimal graphs of prescribed girth and chromatic number
The well known result of Erdős, states that
Given integers $g > 2$ and $k > 1$ there exist a graph $G$ with $\chi(G) \geq k$ and girth at least $g.$
What I am wondering is
When can we ...
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Spectral lower bounds on the diameter of a graph
There is such a bound, due to Mohar and McKay, using the second-smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian $\lambda_{2}$:
$$Diam \geq \lceil \frac{4}{n\lambda_{2}} \rceil.$$
This bound is very elegant but ...
2
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1
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On the maximum number of $t$-subset of $\{1,\ldots, n\}$ having pairwise singleton or empty intersections
Let $n$, $t \in \mathbb N$ two natural numbers such that $0<t<n$, and let $A$ be a set of $n$ elements.
We call a quasi-partition or q-p of $A$ a subset $W \subset \mathcal P(A)$ such that we ...
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What is the correct statement of this Erdös-Gallai-Tuza problem generalizing Turan's triangle theorem?
In Zsolt Tuza's Unsolved combinatorial problems I, Problem 46 is the following conjecture:
Let $G$ be a graph on $n$ vertices. Let $\alpha_1$ be the maximum number of edges of $G$ such that every ...
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3
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Removal of non-isomorphic edges results in the same graph
There exists a (simple unlabeled) graph on 6 nodes with a pair of non-isomorphic edges (i.e., there is no graph automorphism that sends one edge into the other) such that removal of either of them ...
9
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Smallest Connected Graph for Given Degree Sequence
For a given integer sequence $(d_1, d_2,...,d_n)$, a natural question is if such a sequence is graphical, i.e. is a degree sequence of some graph. According to Erdős–Gallai theorem, A sequence of non-...
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Algorithms for computing the Resilience of Graphs
The definition of resilience with a graph $G$ w.r.t to a monotone property $\mathcal{P}$ is well known.
(Global resilience) Let $\mathcal{P}$ be an increasing monotone property. The global ...
10
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1
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333
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Can I weaken the minimum degree hypothesis in Nash-Williams' triangle decomposition conjecture?
In what follows, all graphs $G$ are $K_3$-divisible (all degrees even, number of edges a multiple of three) on $n$ vertices, where $n$ is not too small.
The famous Nash-Williams conjecture claims ...
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Extremal examples for a folklore lemma on subgraphs of large minimum degree
It's a well known fact that a graph $G$ of average degree $d$ has a subgraph $G'$ of minimum degree at least $d/2$ and that the constant $1/2$ cannot be improved. The proof I know, which proceeds by ...
6
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Hamiltonicity criteria for sparse graphs
Given a sparse graph, how can one go about proving that it is Hamiltonian? (Assuming it actually is, of course).
There are three main classes of criteria for Hamiltonicity that I am aware of:
Dirac-...
13
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2
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870
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Strongly connected directed graphs with large directed diameter and small undirected diameter?
This question is an attempt to make progress on domotorp's interesting challenge. This question was originally asked in two parts; the former of which was answered by Ilya Bogdanov, and the latter of ...
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Extremal functions for tournaments
We are looking at directed graphs with no loops or parallel edges, but given two vertices $x$ and $y$, we allow the presence of both the edge $(x, y)$ and $(y, x)$. Thus, if $G$ is a directed graph ...
6
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On Turan's theorem
Turan's theorem provides minimum number of edges of a graph on $n$ vertices to surely contain a clique of a prescribed size. This has been generalized to regular graphs.
What additional ...
6
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1
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No big clique minor but a big grid minor
I was wondering if the following result is known (or if there's a nice short proof without treewidth/brenchwidth related theorems): as the title says, suppose you have a graph without a big clique ...
11
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How many n/2-cycles can a cubic graph have
Given a simple cubic graph with $n$ vertices (which implies that $n$ is even), what is a good upper bound on the number of cycles of length $n/2$ it can have?
A random cubic graph has $\Theta((4/3)^n/...
2
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0
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285
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Bipartite independence number
Consider a balanced bipartite graph $G=(U,V,E)$, i.e., a bipartite graph with $|U|=|V|$. An independent set $I$ of $G$ is balanced if $|I \cap U| = |I \cap V|$.
The bipartite independence number of $...
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1
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Distribution of Induced Subgraphs of Extremal Ramsey Graphs
Choose $k$. Let $G = (V,E)$ be a graph on $n = R(k,k)-1$ vertices (that is, $G$ is an extremal example for $R(k,k)$, and $g : E \to \{r, b\}$ be an edge 2-coloring such that there is no monochromatic $...
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Complete Bipartite Subgraph of Dense Bipartite Subgraph
Q1: Consider a $2^n$ by $2^n$ bipartite graph with at least $(1-\epsilon)2^{2n}$ edges. For any $\epsilon > 0$ and $n$ large enough, is it always possible to find a $2^{(1-f(\epsilon))n}$ by $2^{(1-...
8
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Maximal class of simple graphs of order $n$ with mutually distinct numbers of spanning trees
This problem in some ways related to this post.
Let $A_n$ be the set of all integers $x$ such that there exist a connected simple graph of order $n$ having precisely $x$ spanning trees. Study the ...
2
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2
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Random graphs require O(n log(n)) edges until they are almost certainly fully connected - what are more concrete boundaries ?
As far as I understand my literature, the probability of a random graph being fully connected tends toward one as the number of edges approaches a value of size $O(n \log(n))$
The way I read this, ...
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1
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Have you come across this kind of "degree" concept?
Let $A \subseteq V(G)$ be a set of vertices in a graph $G$ and let $v \in V(G)$ be some vertex. Define $d_{A}(v)$ as the number of neighbours of $v$ inside $A$.
Now suppose you have a graph whose ...
2
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1
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Is there a polynomial upper bound for number of holes over following class of graphs?
A hole is chordless cycle that length of the cycle is four or more.
In this post I asked: What is the maximum number of holes that a simple graph on n vertices can have?
Gil Kalai answered that ...
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graphs with maximal number of paths of given length
Hi,
For a given number of edges, the non directed graph which maximises the number of paths of length 2 is the quasi-star or the quasi-complete graph.
Does anyone know :
1- what is the non directed ...
4
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3
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Almost all graphs have a subgraph from a large class of graphs with constant order
I will pose the question in relation to trees but the more general question that can be deduced from the title of this post is also very interesting.
I suspect the question might have a very trivial ...
3
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1
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334
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Degree conditions for k-factor
I am looking for a simple degree conditon that ensures the existence of a k-factor in a graph. The k is supposed to be relatively high and I don't mind the condition being a bit strict. Ideally, ...
13
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1
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544
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Induced Paths of Order 4
In a graph $G=(V,E)$ of order $n$, what fraction of the $\binom{n}{4}$ $4$-subsets of $V$ can induce the path of order four?
I looked at this question 30 years ago and was never able to come up with ...
2
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3
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708
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Non-isomorphic graphs with the same numbers of closed walks
Can somebody help me to construct two family of finite simple connected graph $G_i$ and $H_i$, $i=1, 2, \cdots,n$ ($n$ possibly large), such that:
$1)$ $G_i\ncong H_i$ for $i=1, 2, \cdots, n$
$2)$ $...
4
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0
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434
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Smallest matrix covered by many random n by n matrices
We say that a matrix $M$ can be covered by a (smaller) matrix $N$ if every entry in $M$ is contained in some submatrix of $M$ that exactly equals to $N$, up to reordering the rows and columns of $N$. ...
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What is the state of the art for the Turán number of $K_{4,4}$?
In Chung and Graham's "Erdős on Graphs: His legacy of unsolved problems," they discuss several open problems concerning Turán numbers for bipartite graphs.
There is a construction which gives graphs ...
2
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0
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148
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Smallest size for an incomplete tournament with property $S_k$
By a well-known probabilistic argument due to Erdos, if $k>1$ is an integer then for all large enough $n$, there an asymmetric relation $R$ on $X=\lbrace 1,2, \ldots ,n \rbrace$ (i.e. $R \subseteq ...
5
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1
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Connected components of large induced subgraphs of hypercubes
Let $H$ be the $n$-dimensional hypercube, i.e. $\{0,1\}^n$ with edges between two vertices if and only if they differ in exactly one co-ordinate. We say that an edge is in direction $i$ if its ...
5
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1
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Characterization of infinite paths in graphs
First an introduction.
A directed graph we all know what is, and a graph is serial whenever
every vertex has a successor. I do not consider the empty graph. A
pair $(\mathcal{G},s)$ is called a ...
7
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1
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560
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Graphs with many triangles but few complete graphs on 4 vertices
Let $G$ be a graph on $n$ vertices with $an^2$ edges containing at most $an^2/2$ copies of $K_4$. If there are cubically many triangles, say $cn^3$, then there is at least one edge that is not ...
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A graph with few edges everywhere
Given a graph $G(V,E)$ whose edges are colored in two colors: red and blue.
Suppose the following two conditions hold:
for any $S\subseteq V$, there are at most $O(|S|)$ red edges in $G[S]$
for any $...
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1
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Graphs far from being a collection of bicliques
A biclique is a complete bipartite graph. A graph is a "biclique collection" if it can be decomposed into the disjoint union of bicliques. Denote the set of such graphs by $\mathcal{BCC}$.
Given a ...
6
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3
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Online Library of Unlabeled Connected Graphs on n Vertices
Does anyone know of the link to an online library of of unlabeled, connected graphs on n vertices? I remember looking at such an archive a few years ago while at a Macaulay 2 workshop, but I've been ...
6
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Cliques of hyperedges
Suppose we have a graph, with multiple edges allowed. An edge-clique is a set $C$ of edges so that every two edges in $C$ share at least one endpoint. Note that any edge-clique falls into one of two ...
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2
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Bounds on the independence number of a graph
If $G$ is a graph with $n$ vertices and $\frac{nk}{2}$ edges, $k\ge -1,$ then $a(G)\ge \frac{n}{k+1}$. Why?
(Here $a(G)$ is the independence number).
7
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2
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Is the feedback vertex number bounded by the maximum number of leaves in a spanning tree?
I have a graph-theoretical conjecture which I think would have been studied before, but for which I cannot find anything in the literature.
Let G be a finite, simple, connected graph. Let the ...