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Real-valued functions of real variable, analytic properties of functions and sequences, limits, continuity, smoothness of these.

36 votes
Accepted

Smooth functions for which $f(x)$ is rational if and only if $x$ is rational

There are such functions. Moreover any diffeomorphism $f_0:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R$ can be approximated by such $f$. For the sake of simplicity I assume that $f_0'\ge 2$ everywhere. Enumerate the ratio …
Sergei Ivanov's user avatar
15 votes
Accepted

A generalization of intermediate value theorem on R^k

The statement is true. It is almost precisely Lemma 2 in the paper D.Burago, "Periodic metrics", Adv. Soviet Math. 9, (1992), 205-210. The proof is short but not easy to invent. The paper can be read …
Sergei Ivanov's user avatar
4 votes
Accepted

Estimating the Hausdorff measure of a subset of the sphere

Yes. Here is an elementary proof. Construct a distance non-increasing retraction $p:S^{n-1}\setminus B_r(a)\setminus B_r(b)\to \partial B_r(a)$. (For example: divide the sphere into two-hemispheres b …
Sergei Ivanov's user avatar
29 votes

Why is Lebesgue integration taught using positive and negative parts of functions?

The integration of nonnegative functions deserves its own chapter, just like nonnegative measures. It has more features than the general case and there are cases when you need exactly these features a …
Sergei Ivanov's user avatar
122 votes
Accepted

solving $f(f(x))=g(x)$

Q1: No. Let $g(0)=1, g(1)=0$ and $g(x)=x$ for all $x\in\mathbb R\setminus\{0,1\}$. Assuming $f\circ f=g$, let $a=f(0)$, then $f(a)=1$ and $f(1)=g(a)=a$ since $a\notin\{0,1\}$. Then $g(1)=f(f(1))=f(a)= …
Sergei Ivanov's user avatar