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Let $X$ be a compact metric space, and fix an arbitrary point $x_\ast \in X$. By the Kantorovich-Rubinstein duality theorem, the $1$-Wasserstein metric $W_1$ on the set of Borel probability measures o …

Let $X$ be a Banach space, and for any compactly supported Borel probability measure $\mathbb{P}$ on $X$, define the mean $\mu_\mathbb{P}$ by $\mu_\mathbb{P}=\int_X x \, \mathbb{P}(dx)$. I want to say …

It seems to me that a considerably simpler proof [see below] of Birkhoff's ergodic theorem can be obtained for bounded observables than for more general $L^1$ observables. Therefore, I feel like it wo …

Let $X$ be a Polish space, and $\mu$ a locally finite measure. Take any $p \in \{0\} \cup [1,\infty)$. We will say that a linear operator $T \colon L^p(\mu) \to L^p(\mu)$ has property $(\ast)$ if ever …

Let $V$ be a normed vector space, let $l \in V$, and let $(a_n)$ be a sequence in $V$. We say that $a_n$ is Cesàro-convergent to $l$ if $\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n a_i \to l$ as $n\to\infty$. Now I will …

Given any $g \in L^\infty(\mathbb{R})$, we define the associated multiplier operator $T_g \colon L^2(\mathbb{R}) \to L^2(\mathbb{R})$ by $$ \mathcal{F}(T_g f) \ = \ g.\mathcal{F}f $$ where $\mathcal{F …

I think I can now prove the following (which covers the case requested in the bounty): Theorem. Let $g=P/Q$ for polynomials $P$ and $Q$ where $\mathrm{order}(P) \leq \mathrm{order}(Q)$ and $Q$ has no …

I'm going to assume that your space is locally compact (as well as $\sigma$-compact), so that $X$ is the union of a sequence of compact sets where each lies in the interior of the next. In this case, …

Let $(X,\Sigma)$ be a measurable space [which we can assume to be a standard Borel space if we wish]. Let $\mathcal{S}$ be a set of probability measures on $(X,\Sigma)$. [If we wish, we can assume th …

Let $V$ and $W$ be topological vector spaces over $\mathbb{F}$ (with $\mathbb{F}=\mathbb{R}$ or $\mathbb{C}$), and let $T:V \to W$ be a linear transformation. It is well-known that $T$ is not necessar …