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Algebraic and geometric theory of quadratic forms and symmetric bilinear forms, e.g., values attained by quadratic forms, isotropic subspaces, the Witt ring, invariants of quadratic forms, the discriminant and Clifford algebra of a quadratic form, Pfister forms, automorphisms of quadratic forms.

3 votes
0 answers
136 views

Can we write each positive integer as $w^2+x^2(1+2y^2+2z^2)$ with $w,x,y,z\in\mathbb Z$ and ...

Lagrange's four-square theorem states that each nonnegative integer is the sum of four squares. Here I ask the following question concerning a refinement of Lagrange's four-square theorem. QUESTION: …
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1 vote
0 answers
87 views

On universal sums $x(ax+b)/2+y(cy+d)/2+z(ez+f)/2$ over $\mathbb N$

Let $a,b,c,d,e,f$ be integers with $a\ge c\ge e>0$, $b>-a$ and $a\equiv b\pmod2$, $d>-c$ and $c\equiv d\pmod 2$, $f>-e$ and $e\equiv f\pmod2$. If each $n\in\mathbb N=\{0,1,2,\ldots\}$ can be written a …
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16 votes
0 answers
582 views

The number 1680 and Lagrange's four-square theorem

The number $1680$ has the factorization $2^4\times3\times5\times7$. Rather to my surprise, I found that this number has certain mysterious connection with Lagrange's four-square theorem. QUESTION: Ca …
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-1 votes
1 answer
182 views

$7n=x^2+2y^2+4z^2$ with or without $x^2\equiv y^2\equiv z^2\pmod 7$

It is well known that any positive odd integer can be written as $x^2+2y^2+4z^2$ with $x,y,z\in\mathbb Z$. Question 1. Whether for any odd integer $n>93$ there are $x,y,z\in\mathbb Z$ such that $7n=x^ …
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1 vote
0 answers
143 views

Can $12n+5$ be written as $2x^2+5y^2+9z^2+xyz$ with $x,y,z$ nonnegative integers?

Let $\mathbb N=\{0,1,2,\ldots\}$. By the Gauss-Legendre theorem on sums of three squares, for any $n\in\mathbb N$ we can write $4n+1$ as $x^2+y^2+z^2$ with $x,y,z\in\mathbb N$. Motivated by this, here …
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-1 votes
1 answer
250 views

Questions on $x^2+y^2+z^2$, $x^2+y^2+2z^2$ and $x^2+2y^2+3z^2$

Question 1. My computation in 2018 suggests that a sum of two integer squares is a sum of three nonzero integer squares if and only if it is not of the form $$4^km\ \ (k=0,1,2,\ldots;\ \ m=1,2,5,10,13 …
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3 votes
0 answers
202 views

On sums of three squares

Let $\mathbb N=\{0,1,2,\ldots\}$. By the Gauss-Legendre theorem on sums of three squares, any $n\in\mathbb N$ with $n\equiv1,2\pmod4$ can be written as $x^2+y^2+z^2$ with $x,y,z\in\mathbb N$. Clearly, …
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2 votes
1 answer
268 views

Can each natural number be represented by $2w^2+x^2+y^2+z^2+xyz$ with $x,y,z\in\mathbb N$?

It is well known that each $n\in\mathbb N=\{0,1,2,\ldots\}$ can be written as $2w^2+x^2+y^2+z^2$ with $w,x,y,z\in\mathbb N$. Furthermore, $$\{2w^2+x^2+y^2:\ w,x,y\in\mathbb N\}=\mathbb N\setminus\{4^k …
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5 votes
0 answers
195 views

Is every integer $n>1$ the sum of two triangular numbers and two powers of $5$?

Recall that the triangular numbers are those integers $$T_n=n(n+1)/2\ \ \ (n=0,1,2,\ldots).$$ In 1796 Gauss proved that each $n\in\mathbb N=\{0,1,2,\ldots\}$ is the sum of three triangular numbers, wh …
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3 votes
0 answers
306 views

Is there an integer-valued quadratic polynomial $P(x,y)$ such that $\{P(x,y)+2^k:\ x,y\in\ma...

I seek for very sparse representations of positive integers. Let $$\mathbb N=\{0,1,2,\ldots\}\ \ \ \text{and}\ \ \ \mathbb Z^+=\{1,2,3,\ldots\}.$$ Recall that a polynomial $P(x,y)$ is integer-valued i …
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5 votes
0 answers
229 views

Can we write each positive integer as $x^2+y^2+\varphi(z^2)$?

As odd squares are congruent to $1$ modulo $8$, any integer of the form $4^k(8m+7)$ with $k,m\in\mathbb N=\{0,1,2,\ldots\}$ cannot be written as the sum of three squares. To avoid such congruence obs …
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