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I found this footnote on page 195 of Fricke and Klein's Vorlesungen über die Theorie der automorphen Functionen (1897): Translation: The term "homomorphic" seems more appropriate than the previously …

Definition 1.2 in On the Distributional Hessian of the Distance Function explains the difference: an inequality can hold in distributional sense, in barrier sense, or in viscosity sense. Given a Riem …

normalis already meant right-angled in classical Latin; for example, angulus normalis appears in the first century text De institutione oratoria (volume XI, paragraph 3.141) by Marcus Fabius Quintilia …

First note that the vector $x$ distributed uniformly on the $d$-dimensional hypersphere can be constructed from a vector $y$ with i.i.d. normal elements $y_1,y_2,\ldots y_d$, via $$x=\left(\sum_{i=1}^ …

The name of an $n\times n$ matrix with positive real elements satisfying $a_{ij}=1/a_{ji}$ for all $i,j\in\{1,2,\ldots n\}$ is reciprocal matrix. A consistent reciprocal matrix has elements of the for …

In 1996 Irving Good himself recalls: One of the related problems close to philosophy is the estimation of the probability of one category of a multinomial when the order of the cells is irrelevant. [ …

The name refers to the concept of an anharmonic ratio, or cross-ratio. Four points $A,B,C,D$ are called equianharmonic if their cross-ratio is a cube root of 1. In that case the 6 cross-ratios obtaine …

An answer to remove this question from the "unanswered list": The term "equianharmonic" refers to "equal anharmonic ratio", as explained by Wiener in 1901, see this earlier MO post.

Q: Is there some application where $\mu$ plays a role in some kind of "connectedness" which would excuse the name? A: The application is to crystalline structure. The name originates from Hammersley, …

In the context of relativistic mechanics, the parameter $s$ is the speed of light, see for example The Intrinsic Beauty, Harmony and Interdisciplinarity in Einstein Velocity Addition Law: Gyrogroups a …

Tsuyoshi Uema refers to it as a "renkan" puzzle, and has written some code to solve small instances at http://prolog.web.fc2.com/src_017_renkan.html

Community wiki because it is answered over at MSE. source

Q: Is there a name for a Hopf algebra that admits no one-dimensional comodule other than the trivial comodule? A: Not in the literature, but if you would like to coin a specific name for such a Hopf a …

These diagrams come by different names: "banana", "water melon", "basket ball". An early reference is M. Creutz - Feynman rules for lattice gauge theory, Rev. Mod. Phys. 50, 561–571 (1978). A more re …

The suffix "-oid" means the same as "quasi", so "resembling", "like". A groupoid is a quasi-group, like a group. There are hundreds of words in that category, covering many scientific disciplines. In …