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Questions designed to generate a "big list" of certain results, examples, conjectures, etc. via many individual answers, each contributing one or a few instances. Such a question should typically be in Community Wiki mode (CW); after asking, please, flag for moderators attention requesting the question to be made CW.
2
votes
Physics that needs "new" math
I would suggest chaos theory as originating from examples of chaotic systems in physics. As described here, there are plenty of mathematicians among the pioneers (Poincaré, Kolmogorov,Lorenz,Feigenbau …
28
votes
What are some examples of mathematicians who had an unconventional education?
my favorite: George Green: his entire formal education consisted of one year of school at age 8; he started to work as a baker at age 5 (!), and devoted much of his working life to the operation of a …
5
votes
Occurrences of D. H. Lehmer's 10-th degree polynomial
well, this link will direct you to just under 300 scholarly articles on Lehmer's polynomial:
http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=polynomial+lehmer&btnG=&hl=en&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0%2C5&cites=180479538 …
7
votes
Explanations simple enough that non-mathematical audiences can understand
Pythagoras theorem.
Albert Einstein wrote about two pivotal moments in his childhood. The first involved a compass that his father showed him when he was four or five. The second involved his early ex …
7
votes
Lesser known examples of perseverance with a successful ending
The "Magic Wand Theorem" might qualify as a "lesser known" theorem, proven by Eskin and Mirzakhani in a research effort spanning two decades (1993–2013):
Alex Eskin said he first became interested …
4
votes
Interesting topics for (very) short talks
I understand from the question ("talks accessible to everyone") that the audience will be broad. For inspiration, you might look at Math talks that blow your mind.
35
votes
Free open-access peer-reviewed math journals
You're asking for "diamond" open access (to contrast with the gold open access --- peer reviewed but not free --- and the green open access --- free but not peer reviewed). Here are some math journals …
52
votes
Breakthroughs in mathematics in 2021
Advancing mathematics by guiding human intuition with AI, Nature 600, 70 (2021), stands out because it represents the first significant advance in pure mathematics generated by artificial intelligence …
43
votes
Mathematically interesting screensavers
This particular screensaver did not just nicely illustrate math, it actually motivated research:
A Tisket, a Tasket, an Apollonian Gasket, Dana Mackenzie
In the spring of 2007 I had the good for …
34
votes
List of long open, elementary problems which are computational in nature
Problem: extend the table of known van der Waerden numbers from 7 to 8 entries.
Given $K\geq 2$ colors, the length $N=W(L,K)$ of the smallest set of colored integers $\{1,2,3,\ldots N\}$ with a monoc …
4
votes
Examples of math hoaxes/interesting jokes published on April Fool's day?
A genuinely natural information measure [arXiv:2103.16662]
The theoretical measuring of information was famously initiated by
Shannon in his mathematical theory of communication, in which he
proposed …
18
votes
Recent uses of applied mathematics in pure mathematics
If mathematical developments in physics count as "applied mathematics" there are many examples --- as requested by the OP here is a recent one (< 30 years old) and an older one:
Gauge theory spawned …
93
votes
What are some noteworthy "mic-drop" moments in math?
The best known lower bound for the minimal length of superpermutations was originally posted anonymously to 4chan.
The story is told at Mystery Math Whiz and Novelist Advance Permutation Problem, and …
92
votes
The most outrageous (or ridiculous) conjectures in mathematics
$P=NP$
Let me tick the list:
Most likely false, because, as Scott Aaronson said "If $P = NP$, then the world would be a profoundly different place than we usually assume it to be."
Yes, it's The Ope …
13
votes
Math journals which publish/reject quickly
Don't go there, no reputable journal can validate your work in a four week time frame.
If they do promise that, for a fee, you can bet this is a predatory journal. (Meaning: their business model is to …