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This question was previously posted here on MSE. Let $P(x)$ be a polynomial with integer coefficients, and let $p$ be a prime number. For $n\in\mathbb N$, let $I_n$ be the number of integers $i\in\{1,\...

Let $k$ be a positive integer and let $p$ be a prime. In my 2011 PAMS paper joint with my former student W. Zhang [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 139(2011), 1569-1577], we studied when $$S(k)=\left\{\binom nk:...

The following problem appears in Lenstra's Galois Theory for Schemes (p 14, Ex 1.16). Let $b\in\mathbb Z_{\ge0}$. Define the sequence $(a_n)_{n=0}^\infty$ by $a_0=b, a_{n+1}=2^{a_n}$. Prove that $...