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The field is also known as additive number theory. I am interested in sums $z=x + y$ where $x \in S, y\in T$, and both $S, T$ are infinite sets of positive integers. For instance: $S = T$ is the set ...

Theorems V in this paper of L.E. Dickson states that the following two sets are equal. $$E=\{a^2+b^2+2c^2 \ | \ a,b,c \in \mathbb{Z}\} \ \text{ and } \ F=\mathbb{N} \setminus \{4^k(16n+14) \ | \ k,n \...

Suppose $$ P \subseteq \{1,2,\dots,N\},\quad |P| = K $$ We calculate the differences as: $$ d=p_i-p_j\mod N,\quad i\ne j $$ Now let $a_d$ denote the number of occurrence of $d$ (for $d = 0, 1, 2, ...

Does $$\frac{1}{N^2}\sum _{d=1}^N \log d \sum _{n=1}^{N/d} \frac{\phi(n)}{\log (dn)},$$ converges or not when $N$ goes to infinity?

Let $k,m\in\mathbb{N}$ be given. Let $M:=\{0,... , m-1\}$. How to find a subset $T\subset M$, $|T|=k$ such that $|T+T|$ is maximal, where $T+T=\{ (a+b)\mathbin\%m \mid a\in T,b\in T \}$ (“%” means ...