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Let $\newcommand{\tn}{\{0,1\}^\mathbb{N}}\tn$ be the collection of all infinite binary sequences. For $s\in\tn$ and $k\in\mathbb{N}$ let the left-shift of $s$ by $k$ positions, $\ell_k(s)\in \tn$, be …

Is $\;\big\{(a,b,c)\in\mathbb{N}^3: \big(\exists m,n,\ell \in (\mathbb{N}\setminus\{0,1,2\})\big): a^m + b^n= c^\ell\big\}\;$ computable?

Motivation. I am working with a database software that allows you to sort the fields of any given table in the following peculiar way. Suppose your fields are numbered $1,\ldots, 18$. Next to every fi …

Donald Knuth introduced a fast, bit-wise approximation to integer addition by $$(a,b) \mapsto a \, ^{\land} \, b \, ^{\land} \, ((a \text{ & } b) \ll 1)$$ where $a,b$ are given in binary and $\,^{\lan …

This is a strengthening of an older question. Is there a positive integer $c_0$ with the following property? For every integer $n\geq c_0$ there is a function $f:\{0,1\}^{c_0}\to\{0,1\}$ such that th …

Donald Knuth suggested a bitwise approximation for addition on the non-negative integers that is very fast on common processors: $(a,b)\mapsto (a\oplus b) \oplus ((a\land b) \ll 1)$, where $a,b$ are g …

We consider any non-negative integer as an ordinal, that is $0=\emptyset$ and $n=\{0,\ldots,n-1\}$ for every positive integer. Let $\{0,1\}^n$ denote the set of $\{0,1\}$-vectors of length $n$. Define …

If $G = (V, E)$ is a simple, undirected graph and $T \subseteq V$, let $$N(T) = \{v \in V: \{v, t\}\in E \text{ for some }t\in T\}.$$ Given $v\in V$ we let $N_0(v) = \{v\}$ and $N_{k+1}(v) = N_k(v) \c …

Let $n>1$ be an integer. For $a,b\in \{0,1\}^n$ let $d_h(a, b)$ denote the Hamming distance of $a$ and $b$. For $k\in \{1,\ldots,n-1\}$ let $H(n,k)$ be the graph on $\{0,1\}^n$ given by the edge set $ …

This question is motivated by Linear Feedback Shift Registers, which cycle through $\{0,1\}^n \setminus \{(0,\ldots,0)\}$ by shifting and applying a small set of XOR operations. Let $n>1$ be an intege …

Let $n\in\mathbb{N}$ be a positive integer. Let $\{0,1\}^{(2^n)}$ be the set of $0,1$-sequences of length $2^n$. For $a,b\in \{0,1\}^{(2^n)}$ let $d_h(a,b)$ be the Hamming distance between $a$ and $b$ …

Let $\mathbb{N}$ denote the set of non-negative integers. We say that a sequence $f:\mathbb{N}\to \{0,1\}$ is normal if every finite $\{0,1\}$-sequence appears in $f$. Let the swapping operation $\sig …

Motivation. In computer science, addition of integers $a+b$ can be approximated by a very fast operation: $(a,b)\mapsto (a\oplus b) \oplus ((a\land b) \ll 1)$, where $\oplus$ denotes bitwise XOR, $\la …

Motivation. In their paper about the cryptographic scheme NORX, the authors use a fast approximation of + by bitwise operations (taking fewer CPU cycles than proper addition) using the formula $$a+b " …

In computability theory, what are examples of decision problems of which it is not known whether they are decidable?