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Galois theory, named after Évariste Galois, provides a connection between field theory and group theory. Using Galois theory, certain problems in field theory can be reduced to group theory, which is, in some sense, simpler and better understood.

20 votes
Accepted

Galois group of a product of irreducible polynomials

The Galois group of $P$ will be a subdirect product of the $G_i$, that is a subgroup of $G_1\times\cdots\times G_k$ projecting surjectively onto each of the $G_i$.
Robin Chapman's user avatar
29 votes
Accepted

When is sin(r \pi) expressible in radicals for r rational?

As $\cos x=\pm\sqrt{1-\sin^2 x}$ and $e^{ix}=\cos x +i\sin x$, and $\sin x=(e^{ix}-1/e^{ix})/2i$ then $\sin x$ is in a radical extension of $\mathbb{Q}$ iff $e^{ix}$ is. For rational $r$ with denomina …
Robin Chapman's user avatar
10 votes

Fields with trivial automorphism group

There are examples involving the $p$-adics: for instance $\mathbb{Q}_p$ itself has trivial automorphism group. Indeed as $\mathbb{Q}(i)$ embeds in $\mathbb{Q}_p$ when $p\equiv1$ (mod 4) then $\mathbb{ …
Robin Chapman's user avatar
9 votes
Accepted

A special integral polynomial

An easy way to ensure that a polynomial $g$ of degree $m$ over $\mathbf{Z}$ has Galois group $S_m$ is to take primes $p_1$, $p_2$ and $p_3$ with $g$ irreducible modulo $p_1$, a linear times an irreduc …
Robin Chapman's user avatar
1 vote

What are Mean Values of Ideal Densities in Galois Extensions?

This may be a reference to the the Davenport-Heilbronn theorem on the distribution of discriminants of number fields. See math.stanford.edu/~fthorne/davenport-heilbronn.pdf for a nice exposition. Str …
Robin Chapman's user avatar
5 votes

Is there a notion of Galois extension for Z / p^2?

There's the notion of Galois ring. Let $K$ be the degree $m$ unramified extension of $\mathbb{Q}_p$ and let $\mathcal{O}_K$ be its ring of integers. Then the quotient $R=\mathcal{O}_K/p^n\mathcal{O}_ …
Robin Chapman's user avatar
14 votes

Why is every quadratic subfield of a Galois extension of the rationals with the quaternions ...

To expand slightly my brief comment. Regard $L$ as a subfield of $\mathbb{C}$. Let $L'=\mathbb{R}\cap L$. Then the index $|L:L'|=1$ or $2$. In the former case all quadratic subfields of $L$ are real. …
Robin Chapman's user avatar
20 votes

$A_5$-extension of number fields unramified everywhere

Here's the standard example. I found it in Lang's Algebraic Number Theory where he attributes it to Artin. Let $K$ be the splitting field of $X^5-X+1$ over $\mathbb{Q}$. Then $K$ has Galois group $S_5 …
Robin Chapman's user avatar