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Questions about mathematics which don't fall into the other arXiv categories. If you have a general question about mathematics but it is not research level, it's off-topic but it might be welcomed on Mathematics Stack Exchange.

34 votes

Is amateur research in mathematics viable?

As someone who has gone through a in-some-ways similar experience, I don't think you would be ostracized, and yes, you absolutely could still publish work. You might need people to endorse your work, …
28 votes

Dimensional Analysis in Mathematics

This may be somewhat obliquely along the lines you are asking about, but I think it's interesting enough that it deserves to be made public. My friend James Dolan has been developing with a number o …
Todd Trimble's user avatar
  • 53.3k
21 votes

A search for theorems which appear to have very few, if any hypotheses

The theorem of Nash and Tognoli says that any compact smooth manifold is diffeomorphic to a nonsingular real algebraic set.
19 votes

How to refer to a “theorem” that you have shown to be wrong

In my opinion, it would be a bad idea to label statements known to be false as theorems. If you really want to do this, maybe you could put inverted commas around the word "theorem", to indicate you e …
18 votes

17 camels trick

Evaluation of definite integrals via the method of differentiation under the integral sign has this character. This probably needs no introduction, but the idea is to view the integrand $f(x)$ of $\in …
17 votes
Accepted

What is the term for combining functions $f_1,f_2,\dots,f_n$ into a tuple $(f_1,\dots,f_n)$?

I was encouraged to make my comment an answer: In the case $n = 2$, I would call it the pairing. Similarly, one has "tripling", "quadrupling", and so in general one might call it the ($n$-)tupling o …
Todd Trimble's user avatar
  • 53.3k
17 votes

Where do surreal numbers come from and what do they mean?

Not numbers exactly, but certainly Conway's games (and related game-like structures) have aroused plenty of interest in certain category theorists and logicians, as they can be used to give categorica …
Todd Trimble's user avatar
  • 53.3k
17 votes

Applications of Lawvere's fixed point theorem

It follows from Lawvere's theorem that for most spaces $X$ there is no space-filling curve for its path space, $\alpha: I \to X^I$, working here in the category of $k$-spaces. (Yes, that would also fo …
Todd Trimble's user avatar
  • 53.3k
14 votes

Sophisticated treatments of topics in school mathematics

Another categorical example: the laws of arithmetic, as applied to the arithmetic of finite integers, are ultimately explicable by the fact that the category of finite sets $\mathbf{Fin}$ is a cartesi …
12 votes
Accepted

Is there any monoid in which the product of two non-invertible elements could be invertible?

Well, why not? Let $\oplus_{n \in \mathbb{N}} k$ be a direct sum of countably many copies of a 1-dimensional space over a field $k$; the direct sum affords a standard basis $e_i = (0, \ldots, 0, 1, …
Todd Trimble's user avatar
  • 53.3k
12 votes

Proof synopsis collection

I don't know that I have a favorite proof-synopsis, but here's one I like which is a little different from the way most people prove it. Proposition. Let $A$ be a real symmetric $n \times n$ matrix. …
10 votes

Basic results with three or more hypotheses

A compact convex subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ with nonempty interior is homeomorphic to the $n$-dimensional ball.
9 votes

Where can square roots come from when they are not distances?

Fixed points of fractional linear transformations $x \mapsto \frac{ax + b}{cx + d}$, where $a, b, c, d$ are integers, are usually quadratic surds. Equivalently, values of periodic regular continued fr …
8 votes

Individual mathematical objects whose study amounts to a (sub)discipline?

The braid group. The Monster group. The Steenrod algebra. The representation ring of the symmetric group.
6 votes

Are there proofs that you feel you did not "understand" for a long time?

I didn't feel I had really grokked Euler's magnificent identity $$e^{ix} = \cos(x) + i \sin(x)$$ for a very long time. The first time I saw this formula, I think I was fourteen, and it was one of …

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