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The study of differentiable manifolds and differentiable maps. One fundamental problem is that of classifying manifolds up to diffeomorphism. Differential topology is what Poincaré understood as topology or “analysis situs”.
9
votes
Non-zero homotopy/homology in diffeomorphism groups
If ${\rm Diff}(M)$ is contractible then the question of course has a negative answer. Examples where this happens are known in dimension three but not in higher dimensions. For $M$ a closed hyperboli …
11
votes
Diffeomorphism group of the projective plane
It is a theorem of A. Gramain from 1973 (Annales Sci. E.N.S.) that the diffeomorphism group of the projective plane has the homotopy type of $SO(3)$, the subgroup of isometries of the standard constan …
19
votes
Closed manifold with non-vanishing homotopy groups and vanishing homology groups
As suggested by Lennart Meier, the connected sum $M=P\#P$ of two copies of the Poincaré homology sphere gives an example. The homotopy groups $\pi_n(M)$ are nonzero for all $n>1$ because the universa …
10
votes
Accepted
Generalized Schoenflies - formalizing step in proof?
For an interval $[a,b]\subset{\mathbb R}$ in which the height function $f:S\to {\mathbb R}$ has no critical values one obtains a product structure on $f^{-1}([a,b])$ by following flow lines of the gra …
24
votes
Reference for a fact (?) on homeomorphic knot complements
This is a question that I remember worrying about when I first started learning about knot theory. Older books have a tendency to skim over this point rather lightly, perhaps because the resolution of …
14
votes
Accepted
Homotopically trivial vs isotopically trivial diffeomorphisms
The quotient group $Diff_1(M)/Diff_0(M)$ is a discrete group since $ Diff_0(M)$ is a path component of $Diff(M)$, hence also a connected component since $Diff(M)$ is locally path-cconnected, and $Diff …
41
votes
Parallelizability of the Milnor's exotic spheres in dimension 7
Here's another way to answer the original question. There is a theorem of Bredon and Kosinski (Annals, 1966) which says that if a manifold $M^n$ is stably parallelizable, then either $M^n$ is parallel …
12
votes
Accepted
Does there exist a Haken manifold where all its incompressible surfaces are non-separating?
There exist closed orientable hyperbolic 3-manifolds that are surface bundles such that the fiber is the only incompressible surface in the manifold (up to isotopy). Such manifolds can be obtained by …