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History and philosophy of mathematics, biographies of mathematicians, mathematics education, recreational mathematics, communication of mathematics.

11 votes

Who is the last mathematician that understood all of mathematics.

John von Neumann. From Wikipedia: John von Neumann (December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian-American mathematician who made major contributions to a vast range of fields,[1] i …
3 votes

Church-Turing tests and quasi-computational models

Computability theory overflows with hierarchies of computability notions, which allow us precisely to compare the computational strength of diverse notions. We have the hierarchy of Turing degrees, wh …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
22 votes

Who was the first to propose a formal definition of infinity?

Dedekind actually in effect gave two different definitions of infinity. Namely, first, as is well known, a set is Dedekind infinite if it is equinumerous with a proper subset of itself. But second, De …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
1 vote

Papers on history and philosophy of mathematics suitable for master's students

For the philosophy of mathematics, I wrote my book specifically with mathematical readers in mind. Many readers have told me that they appreciate the accessible manner the book has of treating even su …
24 votes

What part do arguments from authority play in mathematical reasoning?

Appeals-to-authority, of course, are widely regarded in many contexts as logical flaws, as something to be avoided in logical discourse. But I believe that there is a sense, nevertheless, in which app …
10 votes
Accepted

Dedekind's theorem

Regarding the narrower interpretation of your question, the fact that the finite numbers are not equinumerous with any proper subset is also expressed as the classical pigeon hole principle. And for t …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
80 votes

Which mathematical ideas have done most to change history?

Turing's work on computability, extending those of Goedel and the other early logicians, paved the way for the development of modern computers. Before Turing and Goedel, the concept of computability w …
6 votes

Papers that debunk common myths in the history of mathematics

Theodor Nenu and I have a paper addressing the question of whether Alan Turing proved the undecidability of the halting problem in his seminal 1936 paper on computable numbers, in which he introduces …
126 votes

The most outrageous (or ridiculous) conjectures in mathematics

W. Hugh Woodin, at a 1992 seminar in Berkeley at which I was present, proposed a new and ridiculously strong large cardinal concept, now called the Berkeley cardinals, and challenged the seminar audie …
8 votes

Who first introduced the functional definition of symmetry?

From the introduction of Legendre's Revolution (1794): The Definition of Symmetry in Solid Geometry, Giora Hon and Bernard R. Goldstein, Archive for History of Exact Sciences, Vol. 59, No. 2 (January …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
10 votes

Well founded induction attributed to Noether

It seems to me to be much more than merely an analogy, because (assuming DC) the ascending chain condition is exactly equivalent to asserting that the collection of ideals is well-founded under (rever …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
6 votes

Proof by `universal receiver'

It is very common in set theory to prove that a particular model or structure is well-founded by mapping it into a fixed well-founded structure. The point is that if $j:\langle M,{\in^M}\rangle\to \la …
7 votes

The history of Proper Forcing

My understanding is that part of the early motivation was the observation of the attractive features of two main classes of forcing: ccc forcing. Preserves all cardinals. Preserves stationary subset …
11 votes
Accepted

What is the earliest definition given by a universal mapping property?

I very much agree with Pete's comment that we will find incipient instances of the universal mapping property among many classical constructions in mathematics, even if the original users of those con …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
12 votes

What would you want to see at the Museum of Mathematics?

See the water demonstration of the Pythagorean theorem: []1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAkMUdeB06o

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