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Rade proved in his thesis (Crelle's Journal, 1992, available here: digizeitschriften.de/dms/toc/?PPN=PPN243919689) that if $E\rightarrow M$ is a $U(n)$-bundle over a 3-manifold, then the gradient flow ...

For Cylindrical $Y\times\mathbb R$, where $Y$ is a closed oriented 3-manifold. If it is necessary, we could consider the $b_1(Y)=0$ case. Fix a Line bundle $L\to Y\times \mathbb R$ and a Hermitian ...