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A cyclotomic field is a number field obtained by adjoining a complex primitive root of unity to $\mathbb Q$, the field of rational numbers.
7
votes
Accepted
About the solutions of $ \dfrac{x^p - y^p}{x - y} = a^2+pb^2 $
Values for $a$ and $b$ as polynomials in $x,y$, when they exist, correspond to factorization of $\frac{x^p+y^2}{x+y}$ over the imaginary field $K_p:=\mathbb Q(\sqrt{-p})$ of the form:
$$\frac{x^p+y^p} …
2
votes
Existence of solution for a system of quadratic diophantine equations / symmetric quadratic ...
UPDATE. Using factorization $-2(x+1)^2x^{p-3}$ over the corresponding number field, I established that there are no solutions for $p=17$. Furthermore, I computationally verified that for primes $p<30$ …