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First a disclaimer. This is an old question that I considered years ago and that I recently remembered. Since I am no longer in active research it may be considered as 'idle curiosity', although I fee …

For the reals, I particularly like the book by Sturmfels mentioned by Alexandre Eremenko. For the rational numbers, you can hardly do better than Bjorn Poonen's book Rational Points on Varieties, whic …

Here is a short proof that, for an infinite field $k$, and all non-zero polynomials $F \in k[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ in $n$ variables, there exists an $n$-tuple $a_1,\ldots,a_n \in k$ such that $$ F(a_1,\ldo …

Fix a number field $K$. Is the rank of $J(K)$ unbounded, where $J$ ranges over the Jacobians of all smooth, projective, geometrically connected curves over $K$? Does there exist an integer $g$ such …

Let $X$ be a finite-type scheme over a field $k$. Let $G$ be a finite-type group scheme over $k$; we write $G_X$ for the base-change of $G$ from $\operatorname{Spec}(k)$ to $X$. Suppose $f : Y \right …

Suppose that I am given a subscheme $Y$ of $\mathbf{P}^n_{\mathbf{Z}}$, flat over $\operatorname{Spec}\mathbf{Z}$ and with smooth generic fiber $Y_{\mathbf{Q}}$, defined by the vanishing of some homog …

In this generality, the answer is no. The projective curve $X$ given by $2y^2z^2 = x^4 - 17z^4$ over the rationals satisfies the HP, since it has local points everywhere (the affine part $z \neq 0$ is …