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(This question was originally asked and bountied at MSE - with different notation, some more explicit arguments, and topology in place of forcing.) Suppose $\mathcal{R}=(R_i)_{i\in\mathbb{N}}$ is a ...

Any algebraically closed field (ACF) is a model of Modular arithmetic (MA). (MA) has the same axioms as first order Peano arithmetic (PA) except $\forall x(Sx \neq 0)$ is replaced with $\exists x(Sx=0)...

In the thread Even Xor Odd Infinities I defined odd models of Modular Arithmetic (MA) as models satisfying the axioms of MA and two first order statements. Even XOR Odd Infinities? $O1) \forall x(x=0 ...