All Questions

Let $M$ be an orientable surface without boundary$($I am not assuming $M$ is compact, it can be non-compact$)$. Let $\Phi: M\to M$ be a proper homotopy-equivalnce$($A proper homotopy-equivalence can ...

I am learning some things about surfaces of genus greater than $1$, and I am trying to answer this question : Let $S$ be a compact and orientable surface of genus $g \geq 2$, and $c$ a closed curve ...