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Suppose $n$ air molecules (infinitesimal points) are bouncing around in a unit $d$-dimensional cube, with perfectly elastic wall collisions. Let $k=n^{\frac{1}{d}}$. For example, in 3D, $d=3$, with $n=...

According to my simulations, it looks like the number of times that the $N$ first iterates $u_0$, $\ldots$, $u_{N-1}$ of the sequence $(u_n)$ defined here meets an interval $I$ is close to $N|I|$ ...

Update on 3/10/2021: I added Example 5 in the Appendix. This generic example encompasses the Riemann Zeta dynamical system. A simple version of this post, targeted to engineers, machine learning ...