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Fermat last theorem : proof of a criterion by Cauchy

In 13 Lectures on Fermat's Last Theorem, Ribenboim states the following theorem (on page 7) attributed to Cauchy: If the first case of Fermat's theorem fails for the exponent $p$, then the sum: $$ 1^{...
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Nicely motivated papers or book chapters on the formula for the sum of the $k$-th powers of the first natural numbers [closed]

Do you know of a text where I can find a nicely motivated proof of the formula for $1^{k}+2^{k}+\cdots+n^{k}$? At the very beginning of page 68 of Professor H. S. Wilf's generatingfunctionology, one ...