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Modified variational formulation of heat equation

The heat kernel $u:\mathbb{R}^n\times (0,\infty)$ is defined as the solution to $$ u_t = \Delta u, $$ subject to certain boundary conditions and can alternatively be described, in variational form, as ...
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Minimizing action squared versus action

I have a very basic question in the calculus of variations: Suppose I want to minimize the functional $$A[r, r'] = \int_\Omega L(r, r') dx $$ When is it possible to say that extremals of $A$ agree ...
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